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Misc 2 Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

The veins of the brain has no …….

A

valves

* Located in the SAS

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2
Q

Arachnoid granulations are found in ………

A

superior sagittal sinus

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3
Q

The function of the arachnoid granulation is to …….

A

allow the CSF to exit the SAS & enter the blood stream

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4
Q

The cavernous sinus drains into …….

A
  1. transverse sinus though the sup. petrosal sinus
  2. IJV through the inf. petrosal sinus
  3. pterygoid plexus
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5
Q

Wolffian duct is …….. & gives rise to ……..

A

the mesonephric duct

ureteric bud, epididymis, vas deferens & ejaculatory duct

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6
Q

The cloaca is divided by ……. into ……. & ……

A

urorectal septum

anorectal canal & urogenital sinus

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7
Q

The upper 2/3 of the female urethra is formed by ……, the rest is from ….

A

mesonephric duct

urogenital sinus

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8
Q

The uriniferous tubule comprises ….. & ……

A

nephron & collecting tubule

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9
Q

Bowman’s capsule is composed of …….

A

two layers, outer & inner, with a urinary space in between (continuous with renal tubule)

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10
Q

The longest part of the tubule is ……

A

the PCT

  • Has a brush border to increase surface
  • Most absorption occurs here
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11
Q

Loop of Henle has two segments, … & ….

A

thick & thin

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12
Q

The major function of DCT is …..

A

to reabsorb Na & Cl

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13
Q

The collecting tubule is two parts, ….. & …..

A

arched & straight

* The straight passes through the medullary rays (p. 31 Y)

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14
Q

Myoepithelial cells are ……

A

muscle like cells, but they’re ectodermal in origin

* Also called basket cells

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15
Q

Macula densa cells are found in …….., and function is …..

A

wall of the DCT
detects NaCl level
* Low NaCl causes renin release by juxtaglomerular cells

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16
Q

Polkissen cells function is ..

A

measure blood flow in the afferent & efferent arterioles

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17
Q

The juxtaglomerular apparatus comprises the following ……..

A
  1. Juxtaglomerular cells
  2. Macula densa
  3. Polkissen cells
  4. afferent arterioles
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18
Q

After leaving the glomerulus, the efferent arterioles are divided into …….

A

peritubular arterioles

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19
Q

The wall of the ureter is 3 layers, …….

A

mucosa, muscularis, adventitia

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20
Q

The renal cortex contains ……..

A

the glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, PCT & DCT

* The collecting ducts & Henle is in the medulla. They open in papilla in minor calyces

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21
Q

The left renal vein receives …….. before draining into the IVC

A

left suprarenal vein, left gonadal vein, left inferior phrenic vein & hemiazygos vein

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22
Q

Lymph of the kidney drains into …….

A

the lumbar nodes

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23
Q

Sex differentiation starts at …….

A

7th week of development

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24
Q

Seminiferous tubules are ……

A

extensions of the testis cords that remain solid until puberty
* Connected to straight tubules

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25
The testes begin its descend into the scrotum by ......
the 7th month | * By birth, it arrives
26
Ultimately, testis cords will give rise to ..........
seminiferous tubules straight tubules rete testis efferent ductules
27
Tunica albuginea is ........
the C.T capsule of the testis & ovaries
28
Seminal vesicles are formed by ......, while the prostate is formed by .......
evagination in Vas deferens (ductus deferens) urethra
29
Vas deferens ends in ........
the ejaculatory duct (just before the prostate)
30
When the effect of SRY segment of Y chromosome is absent, what will happen?
1. Sex cords degenerate, allowing cortical cords to take place 2. Mullerian duct will not degenerate, forming upper vagina, uterus & oviduct later 3. Phallus won't grow, and the labioscrotal area don't fuse (like males)
31
Spermatogonia & Oogonia are .....
terms for the primary germ cells once differentiation of sex take place * Oogonia, after mitosis, will give rise to primary oocyte
32
In females, two invaginations in the posterior wall of urogenital sinus are called ......., and will form ......
sinovaginal bulbs | lower 2/3 of the vagina
33
First meiotic division is different from mitosis in ........
there is no separation of the sister chromatids, but in the homologus chromosomes
34
The vacuoles in the spermatid are fused to form .......
acrosomal cap
35
Under the effect of LH, Lyedig cells produce .....
male testosterone and 80% of total estroge (the rest by adrenal cortex)
36
The epithelium of efferent ductules is ......
pseudostratified
37
The epididymis is ..... in length
6 meter
38
Sperm storage occurs in .........
efferent ductules, epididymis, and proximal ductus deferens
39
Seminal vesicles are ......
convoluted sacs near the ampulla of vas deferens
40
Bulbourethral glands are .........
small glands, the closest to the base of the penile urethra | * Also called Cowper's glands
41
The penile erectile tissue is called ......
dorsally, corpora cavernosa (two) | ventrally, corpus spongiosum (one, surround the urethra, terminates in glans penis)
42
Germinal epithelium is .....
a misleading term. A peritoneum layer covering the ovary | * Tunica albuginea is beneath it
43
Primordial follicle is .......
the oocyte (primary) surrounded by a single layer of flat follicular cells * inactive reserve. arrested in meiotic prophase I * After full maturation (finished meiosis I), it is called primary follicle
44
Secondary follicle is formed when ..... | It is surrounded by ....... & .......
the primary follicle develops an antrum * corona radiata & cumulus oophorus (at one pole) * Also called vesicle
45
Zona pellucida is .......
a thick membrane beneath corona radiata
46
Graafian follicle is .......
the fully matured follicle that bulges out at the ovarian surface
47
Implantation occurs .... days after ovulation
6
48
Corpus luteum comprises ...... & ........
``` theca interna (secretes estrogen) granulosa lutein (secretes progesterone) ```
49
...... oocyte is actually the ovum ovulated
secondary * Later, it is arrested in metaphase of meiosis II until fertilized * Net result is one mature ovum & 2 polar bodies
50
The wall of the fallopian tube is ......
ciliated columnar mucosa, with muscular layer & serosa
51
Most frequent location for ectopic pregnancy is .....
ampulla of fallopian tube | * Note: isthmus is the narrow part of the tube nearest to the uterus
52
What are the layers of the uterus??
1. endometrium (simple columnar ciliated & non ciliated) 2. myometrium (15 mm thick muscular layer) 3. perimetrium (part of the broad ligament that covers the uterus)
53
Spiral arteries are .........
temporary arteries that supply the endometrium during the luteal cycle
54
The placenta consists of .....
1. fetal portion (chorion & vili) | 2. maternal portion (decidua basalis)
55
Lubrication of the vagina is from ......
``` cervical glands (not from vagina) & vestibular glands (Bartholin) * Mucosa is stratified squamous epi ```
56
The mammary gland is composed of .....
20 lobes, each one has its own lactifeous duct open at the nipple * Lactifeous duct lined by stratified squamous epi
57
Protein in milk is released by ....., while lipid by .......
merocrine mechanism apocrine mechanism * Colostrum has low lipid, high protein & antibodies (IgA)
58
The mammary gland is primed by .....
estrogen, progesterone, corticosteriods, and insulin. Only then prolactin can stimulate lactaion
59
After menopause, the mammary gland ....
atrophy, with the ducts obliterated
60
The nipple has ......
circular smooth muscle cells
61
What is the lymph drainage of the breast?
Mostly to the axillary nodes. Medial surface drains into the parasternal nodes
62
Innervation of the breast is by ......
intercostal nerves 2-6, with some sympathetic fibers for the areola

Anatomy (10 decks)

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