Cardiovascular Flashcards
(54 cards)
Isolated Systolic HTN
Elevated systolic with normal diastolic. Good predictor of CV events in the elderly. Vascular compromise.
Stage 1 HTN range
140-159 OR 90-99 mm Hg
HTN treatment goals for DM, kidney disease, and increased risk for stroke.
130/80 mm Hg
Lab tests for hypertension
urinalysis, blood glucose, hematocrit and lipid panel, serum potassium, creatinine, and calcium
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease
Hypertension • Obesity (body mass index >30 kg/m2) • Dyslipidemia • Diabetes mellitus • Cigarette smoking • Physical inactivity • Microalbuminuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate 55 for men, >65 for women) • Family history of premature CVD
Identifiable causes of HTN
Sleep apnea • Drug induced/related • Chronic kidney disease • Primary aldosteronism • Renovascular disease • Cushing’s syndrome or steroid therapy • Pheochromocytoma • Coarctation of aorta • Thyroid/parathyroid disease
Stage 1 Hypertension - treatment without compelling indications
Thiazide-type diuretics for most. May consider ACEI, ARB, BB, CCB, or combination
Stage 2 Hypertension - treatment without compelling indications
2-drug combination for most (usually thiazidetype diuretic and ACEI, or ARB, or BB, or CCB).
Compelling indication - Heart failure
THIAZ, BB, ACEI, ARB, ALDO ANT
Compelling indication - Post myocardial infarction
BB, ACEI, ALDO ANT
Compelling indication - High CVD risk
THIAZ, BB, ACEI, CCB
Compelling indication - Diabetes
THIAZ, BB, ACEI, ARB, CCB
Compelling indication - Chronic kidney disease
ACEI, ARB
Compelling indication - Recurrent stroke prevention
THIAZ, ACEI
Lifestyle modification for HTN
Components of lifestyle modifications include weight reduction, DASH eating plan, dietary sodium reduction, aerobic physical activity, and moderation of alcohol consumption.
Weight reduction drop in SBP
5-20
DASH diet drop in SBP
8-14
Sodium reduction drop in SBP
2-8
Exercise drop in SBP
4-9
Alcohol consumption limits (<2 drinks per day) drop in SBP
2-4
thiazide diuretics
suffix “ide” first line unless compelling indication not to use.
ACE inhibitor
suffix “pril” Use in high renin states and DM
ARB
suffix “sartan” Use in high renin states, DM, alternative to an ACE
Beta blockers
suffix “lol” Not for use in uncomplicated HTN but a god add on medication
