Cardiovascular Buzzwords

Question 1

patient has fever and pleuritic chest pain that is relieved by sitting up and leaning forward?

Answer 1

pericarditis

Question 2

irregularly irregular pulse

Answer 2

atrial fibrillation

Question 3

ECG - saw tooth baseline + 150bpm

Answer 3

atrial flutter

Question 4

alveolar bat’s wings, kerby B lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominant upper lobe vessels, pleural effusion

Answer 4

pulmonary oedema

Question 5

raised JVP/hepatojugular

Answer 5

right sided heart failure

Question 6

sense of impending doom

Answer 6

MI

Question 7

saddle shape St elevation

Answer 7

pericarditis

Question 8

broad complex tachycardia

Answer 8

ventricular problem

Question 9

mid-diasotlic murmur with tapping, undisplaced apex

Answer 9

mitral stenosis

Question 10

broad QRS with slurred upstroke on R wave (delta wave)

Answer 10

wolff-parkinson-white syndrome

Question 11

tall, tented T waves

Answer 11

hyperkalaemia (and wide QRS complex)

Question 12

patient gets pericarditis 4-6 weeks post MI

Answer 12

Dressler’s syndrome

Question 13

‘blurred yellowing vision headache’

Answer 13

digoxin toxicity

Question 14

janeway lesions/osler’s nodes

Answer 14

subacute bacterial endocarditis

Question 15

continuous machine like heart murmur

Answer 15

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 16

rib notching on CXR

Answer 16

coarction of the aorta

Question 17

cresendo-descendo murmur

Answer 17

aortic stenosis

Question 18

diminished absent lower limb pulses

Answer 18

coarction of the aorta

Question 19

MRS ASS

Answer 19

mitral regurgitation, aortic stenosis - systolic murmurs

Question 20

side effect of ACEI

Answer 20

dry cough , contraindicated in renal artery stenosis

Question 21

radial-radial delay

Answer 21

aortic dissection (tear in wall of aorta)/ coarction of the aorta

Question 22

slow rising pulse

Answer 22

aortic stenosis

Question 23

splinter haemorrhage

Answer 23

infective endocarditis

Question 24

infective endocarditis organisms?

Answer 24

staph aureus - main cause (prosthetic valves or IV drug users) 
strep viridans (alpha haemolytic) - present in mouth after dental surgery

Question 25

atrial myxoma

Answer 25

a noncancerous tumour in the upper left or right side of the heart; most often grows on the wall that separates the two sides of the heart

Question 26

cardiac tamponade

Answer 26

collection of blood/fluid/pus/clots/gas around the heart/pericardial space that prevents contractions. It is a medical emergency

Question 27

treatment of pericarditis?

Answer 27

pain relief, NSAIDs

Question 28

What is tetralogy of fallot?

Answer 28

congenita heart disease with the main features of: a large ventricular septal defect (equal ventricle pressure), overriding aorta, right ventricular outflow obstruction (causing pulmonary stenosis) and right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 29

wide spread pulse?

Answer 29

aortic regurgitation aortic dissection, complete heart block, thyrotoxicosis, persistent doctor arterioles

Question 30

what are the reversible causes of cardiac arrest?

Answer 30

``` Hypovolaemia Hypothermia Hyperkalaemia/hypokalaemia Hypoxia Tamponade Tension Pneumothorax Thromboembolism Toxin ```

Question 31

Acute Limb Ischaemia?

Answer 31

``` Pallor Pain Pulseless Pale Parasthesia Perishingly cold ```

Question 32

What is the treatment for different types of shock?

Answer 32

``` Volume replacement - Hypovalaemic Inotropes - Cardiogenic Chest drain - obstructive Vasopressor - Septic Adrenaline - anaphylaxis ```