ENT Buzzwords

Question 1

fluid level behind drum

Answer 1

otitis media with effusion

Question 2

retracted drum

Answer 2

otitis media with effusion

Question 3

dull colour

Answer 3

otitis media with effusion

Question 4

difficult at school + have to shout loud to hear

Answer 4

OME

Question 5

feeling of fullness in the ear

Answer 5

menieres disease

Question 6

loss of corneal reflex (+ sensorineural hearing loss, vertigo and tinnitus)

Answer 6

acoustic neuroma assoc with NF2

Question 7

vertigo on rotation movement of head

Answer 7

BPPV

Question 8

battle sign

Answer 8

bruise on skull specific to mastoid process of temporal bone fracture

Question 9

pearl white otoscopy and foul, cheesy discharge

Answer 9

cholesteatoma

Question 10

white patch on red/raw mucous membranes in throat/mouth

Answer 10

candida/thrush

Question 11

how do you treat candida/thrush?

Answer 11

muconazole gel

fluconazole

Question 12

sore throat with a grey-white membrane across the pharynx

Answer 12

diphtheria

Question 13

increased risk if russian

Answer 13

diphtheria

Question 14

how do you treat diphtheria

Answer 14

anti-toxin

Question 15

commonest cancer in china/hong kong

Answer 15

nasopharyngeal cancer

Question 16

painless lump in neck in posterior triangle asian patient

Answer 16

nasopharyngeal cancer

Question 17

how is nasopharyngeal monitored?

Answer 17

measurement of EBV antibodies

Question 18

most malignant tumours of oral cavity are ….

Answer 18

squamous cell carcinomas

Question 19

commonest sites of oral cavity cancer ….

Answer 19

lateral borders of the tongue and floor of the mouth

Question 20

what does cleft palate and other maxofacial deformities predispose

Answer 20

middle ear problems

Question 21

what can anticoagulant overdose cause

when should it be considered

Answer 21

epstaxis

recent surgery patients

Question 22

attaches to base of tongue and moves when tongue sticks out

Answer 22

thyroglossal cyst

Question 23

what is salolithiasis

Answer 23

formation of stones within the salivary glands, which obstruct salivary ducts and predispose to infection

Question 24

where and who is salolthiasis most common

Answer 24

submandibular gland in men over 40

Question 25

produces pain and swelling after eating

Answer 25

salolithiasis

Question 26

risk of thyroid surgery

Answer 26

laryngeal nerve palsy --> hoarseness

Question 27

commonest salivary gland tumour

Answer 27

pleomorphic adenoma

Question 28

slow growing, rubbery consistency, potent for malignant change

Answer 28

pleomorphic adenoma

Question 29

indications for tonsillectomy

Answer 29

- suspected malignancy - obstructive sleep apnea due to tonsillar hypertrophy - recurrent tonsillitis: 5 attacks a year for at least 2 years - quinsy in a patient with history of recurrent tonsillitis

Question 30

ototoxic medication

Answer 30

aminoglycosides and aspirin

Question 31

hoarseness > 3 weeks investigation

Answer 31

indirect laryngoscopy

Question 32

new born with stridor

Answer 32

laryngomalacia

Question 33

barking cough

Answer 33

croup

Question 34

hoarse voice, fever, far worse, "looks toxis"

Answer 34

epiglottis

Question 35

investigation for preorbital cellulitis

Answer 35

CT to identify any abscess

Question 36

low frequency sounds stimulate...

Answer 36

apical regions of cochlea

Question 37

high frequency sounds stimulate...

Answer 37

basal regions of cochlea

Question 38

Le fort fractures: | type 1

Answer 38

most inferior

Question 39

Le fort fractures: type 2

Answer 39

most superior and splits the base of the skull

Question 40

Le fort fractures: type 2 and 3

Answer 40

disrupt cribriform plate resulign in spread of infection fromnasal cavity and paranasal sinsues into anterior cranial fossa

Question 41

pinna haematoma (cauliflower ear) treatment

Answer 41

aspiration to get rid of blood then suturing flaps together

Question 42

longitudinal temporal bone fractures (80%)

Answer 42

conductive deafness | lateral blows

Question 43

transverse fracture (20%)

Answer 43

sensorineural hearing loss | frontal blow

Question 44

mild vertigo, dysarthria and ataxia (disorder of speech, balance) woman 20-40yrs

Answer 44

multiple sclerosis

Question 45

deafness after showers in someone with poor hygiene

Answer 45

wax obstruction

Question 46

deafness + kidney failure

Answer 46

alports syndrome

Question 47

bulging forward lump from the middle third of sternocleidomastoid

Answer 47

branchial cyst

Question 48

commonest cause of hoarsness lasting <3 weeks

Answer 48

laryngitis

Question 49

elderly female with dysphagia, hoarse voice, aspiration pneumonia, cough, halitosis, regurgitation

Answer 49

pharyngeal pouch

Question 50

untreated pharyngeal pouch -->

Answer 50

pharyngeal carcinoma

Question 51

reed-sternberg cells pathogmonic for...

Answer 51

hodgkins lymphoma