Respiratory Buzzwords

Question 1

What antibiotics would you use for HAP (severe)?

Answer 1

IV amoxicillin + metronidazole + gentamicin

Question 2

What antibiotics would you use for HAP (mild)?

Answer 2

amoxicillin + metronidazole

Question 3

What antibiotics would you use for CAP (severe: CURB >3)?

Answer 3

Co-amoxiclav + Clarithromycin

Question 4

What antibiotics would you use for CAP (mild: CURB 0-2)

Answer 4

Amoxicillin

Question 5

How would you treat TB?

Also, what are their side effects?

Answer 5

2 RIFE 4 RI 
Rifampicin - orange tears/sweat/urine
Isoniazid - muscle weakness
Pyrazinamide - gout 
Ethambutol - colour blindness

Question 6

How would you treat an acute exacerbation of COPD?

Answer 6

ISOAP 
Ipotropium 
Salbutamol 
Oxygen 
Amoxicillin (2nd Doxycycline) 
Prednisolone

Question 7

What antibiotic would you use for epiglottitis?

Answer 7

ceftriaxone

Question 8

Stony dull to percuss?

Answer 8

pleural effusion

Question 9

Right sided pleuritic chest pain?

Answer 9

most likely pneumonia

Question 10

What would indicate pulmonary oedema?

Answer 10

A Alveolar bat’s wing
B Kerby B lines
C Cardiomegaly
D Dilated prominant upper lobe vessels

Question 11

What does ground-glass appearance on X-ray mean?

Answer 11

Pulmonary fibrosis OR

Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the newborn

Question 12

Ziehl-Nielson stain positive for acid fast bacilli?

Answer 12

TB

Question 13

Caseous necrosis?

Answer 13

TB

Question 14

Apical disease?

Answer 14

TB - apical legion called Assmann focus

Question 15

what is Miliary TB?

Answer 15

spread of organism into the bloodstream

Question 16

what happens is organism spreads via the pulmonary artery?

Answer 16

miliary dissemination to the lungs

Question 17

what happens if organism spread via the pulmonary vein?

Answer 17

systemic dissemination to the liver, spleen and kidneys

Question 18

Positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies?

Answer 18

Goodpasture’s syndrome

Question 19

Chest infection with parrot or pigeon as a pet?

Answer 19

chlamydophila psittaci

Question 20

Dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad, some indication of water spread?

Answer 20

legionella pneumophila

- test urine for antigens

Question 21

What would indicate sarcoidosis?

Answer 21

bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis, weight loss

Question 22

Bronchiole wider than neighbour arteriole on CT?

Answer 22

bronchiectasis

Question 23

D sign on CXR

Answer 23

empyema

Question 24

steeple sign on CXR

Answer 24

croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)

Question 25

child with barking cough?

Answer 25

croup

Question 26

pneumocystitis pneumonia?

Answer 26

HIV - treat with co-tramoxazole + prednisolone (if severe)

Question 27

asthma + nasal polyps + salicylate sensitivity

Answer 27

samter's triad

Question 28

alcoholic (danger of aspiration pneumonia)

Answer 28

klebsiella pneumonia

Question 29

red jelly sputum

Answer 29

klebsiella pneumonia

Question 30

mucoid sputum

Answer 30

chlamydia pneumonia

Question 31

rusty sputum

Answer 31

pneumococcal pneumonia

Question 32

cannonball metastases (also weight loss and haematuria)

Answer 32

classically from primary renal cell carcinoma

Question 33

morning headache?

Answer 33

hypercapnia OR | Nitrate side effect

Question 34

ACTH secreting tumour

Answer 34

small cell carcinoma of the lung

Question 35

PTH secreting lung tumour

Answer 35

squamous cell carcinoma of the lung

Question 36

increased serum ACE and Ca2+?

Answer 36

sarcoidosis

Question 37

eggshell calcification at hilar region?

Answer 37

silicosis

Question 38

what is a gohn focus?

Answer 38

seen in TB - an area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung beneth the pleua

Question 39

What is Horner's syndrome?

Answer 39

can occur when there is a local spread of cancer to the intrathoracic nodes or a pancoast tumour

Question 40

What is the acute management of asthma?

Answer 40

``` OSHITMAN Oxygen Salbutamol (nebulised) Hydrocortisone /Prednisolone Ipratropium Bromide (nebulised) Theophylline /Aminophylline Magnesium Sulfate ANaesthetist ```

Question 41

Thumb print sign on head xray?

Answer 41

epiglottitis

Question 42

inspiratory whoop/barking cough?

Answer 42

pertussis

Question 43

non-smoker + cancer ?

Answer 43

adenocarcinoma

Question 44

squamous and small cell lung cancers are located where?

Answer 44

central

Question 45

High D-dimers?

Answer 45

suspect PE --> send for CTPA or V/Q scan

Question 46

Low D-dimers?

Answer 46

exclude PE

Question 47

Large PE management? | Small PE management?

Answer 47

Large - thrombolysis | small - LMWH

Question 48

Female on the OCP, sudden pleuritic chest pain and breathlessness?

Answer 48

PE