Gastrointestinal Buzzwords

Question 1

Gingival Hypertrophy –> gingivectomy/biting on own gum

Answer 1

Side effect of CCB or phenytoin

Question 2

bird beak appearance (and distended oesophagus)

Answer 2

achalasia

If in lower Gi imaging is a sign of bowel obstruction

Question 3

Grey Turner’s (lumber redness) and Cullen’s sign (umbilical redness) positive

Answer 3

acute pancreatitis

Question 4

Murphy’s sign positive

Answer 4

Cholecystitis

Question 5

pale stools, jaundice, abdominal pain

Answer 5

biliary obstruction

Question 6

abdominal distension, caput medusae, shifting dullness

Answer 6

portal hypertension + ascites

Question 7

pyoderma gangernosum, erythema nodosum

Answer 7

Crohn’s/UC

Question 8

“tinkling bowel sounds”

Answer 8

bowel obstruction

Question 9

vesicular rash + weight loss

Answer 9

coeliac disease

Question 10

Virchow’s node (left supraclavicular)

Answer 10

gastric cancer

Question 11

urea breath test

Answer 11

H.Pylori

Question 12

14C breath test

Answer 12

bacterial overgrowth

Question 13

“rice-water” like stools

Answer 13

vibrio cholera

Question 14

presence of AMA

Answer 14

Primary biliary stenosis

Question 15

presence of ASMA

Answer 15

autoimmune hepatitis

Question 16

Alpha feto protein assay

Answer 16

hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 17

cobblestone mucosa - indicating deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa

Answer 17

Crohn’s disease

Question 18

diuretics fro ascites (due to cirrhosis)

Answer 18

spironolactone

Question 19

corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow

Answer 19

diffuse oesophageal spasm

Question 20

Sever abdominal pain _ D&V after raw milk

Answer 20

campylobacter

Question 21

Russel’s sign

Answer 21

self induced vomiting

Question 22

mallory’s hyaline bodies

Answer 22

alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis

Question 23

Crypt abscess/cryptitis

Answer 23

inflammatory bowel Crohn’s

Question 24

onion skin fibrosis, bleeding of bile duct

Answer 24

primary sclerosing cholangitis

Question 25

signet ring cells seen on biopsy

Answer 25

linitis plastica - diffuse stomach cancer

Question 26

thumb-printing on X-ray commonly at splenic flexures

Answer 26

ischaemic colitis

Question 27

charcot's triad

Answer 27

acute cholangitis ie fever, jaundice and abdominal pain secondary to cholelithiasis

Question 28

causes for abdominal mass?

Answer 28

A CHEMICAL ``` AAA Crohn's Hernia Enlarged organ Malignancy Intersusception Crypt or Abcess Appendicitis Lymphadenopathy ```

Question 29

Causes for bowel obstruction?

Answer 29

``` BATH VIPS Bolus Adhesions Tumour Hernia Volvulus Intersussception Pseudo-obstruction Stricture ```

Question 30

diarrhoea - source of infection?

Answer 30

undercooked poultry, ill grandchild

Question 31

side effect of spironolactone?

Answer 31

gynaecomastia

Question 32

dental stuff

Answer 32

indicator of recent damage, indicator of prolonged history of damage

Question 33

what type of mouth disease do people with Crohn's have?

Answer 33

stomatis gangrenosum

Question 34

replacement of oesophagus stratified squamous epithelium by simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Answer 34

barrett's oesophagus/ precancer

Question 35

duke's classification

Answer 35

colorectal cancer A - confined to bowel wall B - local spread outwith bowel wall C - lymph node metastases

Question 36

Causes of liver disease:

Answer 36

``` ABCDEFGHI Autoimmune hep B hep C Drugs eg paracetamol Ethanol Fatty Liver Disease (NASH - obesity) Growth (cancer/metastases) Haemodynamic eg congestive heart failure Infiltration [iron] (eg haemochromatosis, Wilson's disease) OR Infective ```

Question 37

AST raised

Answer 37

wASTed | Alcoholic liver disease

Question 38

ALT is more what than AST

Answer 38

ALT is more specific to the Liver

Question 39

Causes of pancreatitis

Answer 39

``` I GET SMASHED Idiopathic Gallstones Ethanol Trauma Steroids Mumps Autoimmune Scorpion Stings Hyperlipidaemia/hypercalcaemia ERCP Drugs ```

Question 40

megaloblastic anaemia

Answer 40

Cytotoxic drugs eg methotrexate B12 deficiency Folate deficiency

Question 41

pruritus causes

Answer 41

``` ITCH Iron deficiency anaemia/internal malignancy Thyroid/Type I diabetes CRF/Chronic liver disease HIV/Hereditary Haemochromatosis ```

Question 42

how much water is reabsorbed in the small intestine?

Answer 42

90%

Question 43

how much water is reabsorped in the large intestine?

Answer 43

10%

Question 44

malnutrition score

Answer 44

MUST score

Question 45

treatment of ascites?

Answer 45

spironolactone

Question 46

where does a femoral hernia occur

Answer 46

inferior lateral to pubic tubercle

Question 47

where does a direct inguinal hernia occur?

Answer 47

medial to pubic tubercle

Question 48

where does an indirect inguinal hernia occur?

Answer 48

lateral to pubic tubercle

Question 49

diarrhoea in AIDs/HIV

Answer 49

cryptosporidium