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N102 > Cardiovascular Disturbances > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Disturbances Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

High levels can irritate blood vessels, raise LDL Levels Marker for Irritation and Inflammation

A

Homocysteine

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2
Q

ECHO–> Lateral motion & spatial relationship

A

2-D

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2
Q

Pace Maker of the Heart

A

SA Node

initiates electircal impulse

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3
Q

Pulses Alterans

A

Weak and Strong beats arnateltrnate

(depression of LV decreases)

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4
Q

–> info about abnormalities of valvular structure & motion, chamber sz/ contents, ventricular & septal motion/ thickness, pericardial sac, ascending aorta

A

ECHO

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5
Q

TEE

A

Transesophageal Echocardiogram

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5
Q

Frank Starlings Law

A

*Fiber stretch during diastole -> increased force of contraction (systole) *

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6
Q

Transesophageal Echocardiogram

A

more precise echo of heart than 2-d less interference from chest wall structures –> high quality of images of thoracic aorta (except superior ascending)

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7
Q

Troponin I

A

Fastest, longest, most specific –> MI

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8
Q

T wave

A

Repolarization of ventricles

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9
Q

Firing of the SA nodes/ depolarization of the atrial fibers

Impulse through atria

A

P wave

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10
Q

Xanthomas

A

Yellow plaque cholesterol filled nodules on eyelids and ears

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11
Q

S1

A

closure of tricuspid & mitral valves

beginning of systole

sumulataneous w/ carotid pulse

heard best at mitral valce (5th ics, mcl)

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12
Q

=CO

A

SV x HR

Normal (4-8L/min)

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12
Q

Pulse Deficits are caused by

A

incomplete filling of the ventrical prior to contraction –> unable to produce a palpable pulse

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13
Q

Volume of blood ejected with each contraction

A

Stroke volume

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13
Q

=Cardiac Index

A

CO/BMI

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14
Q

M-mode (Echo)

A

Motion view –> precise views

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14
Q

McCarthy’s Sign

A

Diagonal earlobe crease

may predict heart disease/ heart attack?

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15
Q

Troponin T Norm. Level

A
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16
Q

C-Reactive Protein

A

Indicates inflammation Correlation of CRP to CAD Woman W/ Increased Levels More likely to die

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17
Q

Murmur

I/VI

II/VI

III/VI

IIII/VI

V/VI

VI/VI

A

Soft, faint, barely audible

Quiet, soft but audible

Easily audible

Loud asc w/ thrill

Extremely Loud w/ palpable thrill

Loudest w/ Visible Thrill

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19
Q

Measures heart’s electrical activity as wave

electrodes on chest & Limbs Standard = 12 leads

A

ECG/EKG

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20
Q

Coronary arteries are perfused during

A

diastole

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21
Medications that reduce both preload and after load
Nipride Morphine Natrecor (*Vasodilators)*
22
Homocysteine (High)
\>15 umol/l
22
Hyperkinetic
**Bounding** Widend pulse pressure
23
Doppler technology --\> direction and flow of blood through heart
Echo
24
S3
Ventricular Gallop early systole d/t vibrations during rapid early ventricular filling CHF, Mitral Regurg, Constrictive Pericardium, L to R Shunts *(Ken tuc KY)-- Lub Dub Dee*
25
Normal BNP Level
\< 100pg/ml
26
Troponin Time Frames
3-12, 24-48 (peak) norm (5-14days)
26
S2
Closure of **aortic & pulmonic valves ** *Sharp* Beginning of **diastole** * RSB 2nd ICS* * Repolarization*
28
Myoglobin Time Frame
**Rise 30**-60min, **peak 6**-7hrs, returns to **norm 24hrs** ## Footnote *30-6-24*
28
Infraction of the RCA affects
Condution \* supplies SA&AV nodes, Bundle of His
29
Creatnine Kinase
Rise 4-6 hrs after onset of MI 3-12 hrs, peak 18-24hrs, norm (2-3days) Confirm/ rule out MI
30
Pressure against which left ventricle must pump to overcome higher pressure in aorta to eject blood
After-load
31
Cardiac Markers
**_Troponins_** **_BNP_** CK Myoglobin Homocysteine CRP
32
Pulses Paradoxus
\>10mmHg SBP during norm inspiration
34
NPO Time (TEE)
6 hours before needed DD
35
Holter Monitor
Ambulatory ECG 24-48 HRS \*Pt keeps diary of activities & symptoms\* No shower/ bath wearing monitor
37
Pharmacological Echo
Sub for exercise
38
Widow Maker
LAD
39
BNP\*\*\*
increased ventricular volume & pressure (heart failure) Accurately dx and grade heart failure
41
Myoglobin Normal Level (Male)
42
Homocysteine (Normal)
44
Most important dx test to determine extent and treatment for MI
Serial ECG'S
45
High CRP Indicates
MI Angina Lupus Trauma Post-op Heatstroke
45
S4
Atrial Gallop blood forced into a ventricle that resist filling HTN, MI, CAD, L Vent Hypertrophy, Aortic Stenosis *Dee Lub Dup*
46
Murmur Grading
6 pt scale of loudness (soft to loud) Recorded as Roman Numeral Ratio Numerator= (intensity) **Always over VI**
47
Paracardial Friction Rub
Inflammation of Paricardial Sac ## Footnote *scratchy sound @ erbs point*
49
Myoglobin Normal Level (Female)
50
Pulsations of the epigastric region may reflect...
abdominal aortic aneurysm
52
Myoglobin
Early indicator--\> **_NOT specific_** Released into blood w/ ischemia, trauma, & inflammation of muscle Angina/ Cardioversion --\> elevation
53
Homocysteine (Mod)
12-15 umol/l
54
CRP Levels
Norm 3mg/L
55
Left Anterior Descending Artery supplies
Anterior interventricular septum Anterior Wall of the Left Ventricle Apex \*Anterior wall MI
56
Differences in left ventricular wall motion and thickening before & after exercise
Stress Echo
57
QRS complex
**depolarization** from AV node through the **ventricles**
58
Tamponade
Fluid around the heart --\>constricts the heart
59
Ultrasound waves record movement of structures of heart
Echocardiogram
61
Troponin I Normal Level
0.4 ng/ml
62
Hypokinetic
(Weak) Narrowed Pulse Pressure
63
Veins
Low pressure, high volume, thin walled
64
Affect After-load
Ventricle Size Wall Tension BP
65
Infraction of the Left Cicumflex Coronary Artery affects
lateral & posterior wall of LV & posterior IVS (interventricular septum)
66
Affect Stroke Volume
Preload Contractility After-load
67
U wave (electrocardiograph)
May --\> repolarization of the Purkinje Fibers or hypokalemia
68
Nursing Considerations (TEE)
bite block, spray throat, remove dentures **_sedation_** --\>No eating/ drinking until gag reflex returns Monitor V/S, O2 Sats **Suction**

N102 (13 decks)

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