Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards by Nat Wag

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

-Increases heart contractility
-Slows HR (prolongs AV conduction time)
-Treats CHF, AFib, SVT

Side-effects:
-Anorexia
-Vomiting
-Diarrhea
-Arrhythmias

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Epinephrine

-Adrenergic agent
-Stimulates all Adrenergic receptors
-Incr HR and cardiac output (esp post-CPA)
-Not for long-term use (once workload of heart and causes arrhythmias)
-Constricts blood vessels in skin
-Dilates bronchioles
-Incr metabolic rate

Side-effects:
-Tachycardia
-Hypertension
-Nervousness
-Cardiac arrhythmias
-Pulmonary edema

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Isoproterenol (Isuprel)

-Adrenergic agent
-Pure beta stimulator
-Bronchodilator
-Treats atropine-resistant bradycardia

Side-effects:
-Tachycardia
-Hypertension
-Nervousness
-Cardiac arrhythmias
-Pulmonary edema

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dopamine

-Adrenergic agent
-Precursor of Epi and Norepi
-Treats shock and CHF
-Incr heart contractility & HR
-Incr renal perfusion, BP, & cardiac output

Side-effects:
-Tachycardia
-Hypertension
-Nervousness
-Cardiac arrhythmias
-Pulmonary edema
-Vomiting

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dobutamine (Dobutrex)

-Adrenergic agent
-Beta-1 agonist
-Incr cardiac contractility without dilating vascular beds
-Does not once HR or arrhythmias
-Short-term tx of heart failure & DCM

Side-effects:
-Tachycardia
-Hypertension
-Nervousness
-Cardiac arrhythmias
-Pulmonary edema

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Amrinone/Milrinone

-Positive inotropic agents

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pimobendan (Vetmedin)

-Positive inotropic agent
-Incr calcium sensitivity of cardiac myofilaments
-Produces balanced vasodilation
-Reduces cardiac preload & afterload
-Treat CHF, atrioventricular insufficiency, DCM

Side-effects:
-Anorexia
-Lethargy
-Diarrhea
-AFib

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Quinidine

-Class 1A antiarrhythmic
-Treats AFib & ventricular arrhythmias

Side-effects:
-Anorexia
-Vomiting
-Diarrhea
-Weakness
-Laminitis (horses)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Procainamide (Pronestyl)

-Class 1A antiarrhythmic
-Treats VPCs, VTach, atrial tachycardia

Side-effects:
-Anorexia
-Vomiting
-Diarrhea
-Hypotension
-Tachycardia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lidocaine

-Class 1B antiarrhythmic
-Controls VPCs and VTach
-Local anesthetic

Side-effects:
-Drowsiness
-Ataxia
-Tremors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tocainide/Mexiletine

-Class 1B antiarrhythmic
-Long-term management of VPCs

Side-effects:
-Vomiting
-Ataxia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Propranolol

-Class II antiarrhythmic
-Beta blocker
-Treats HCM, feline systemic hypertension, feline hyperthyroidism

Side-effects:
-Bradycardia
-Hypotension
-Worsening heart failure
-Lethargy
-Bronchospasm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Atenolol (Tenormin)

-Class II antiarrhythmic
-Beta blocker
-Treats SVTs, VPCs, hypertension, cardiomyopathy

Side-effects:
-Bradycardia
-Lethargy
-Hypotension
-Syncope
-Heart failure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Carvedilol (Dilatrend)

-Class II antiarrhythmic
-Beta blocker
-Improve cardiac efficiency

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Esmolol (Brevibloc)

-Class II antiarrhythmic
-Beta blocker
-Improve cardiac efficiency
-For short-term use

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Metoprolol (Lopressor)

-Class II antiarrhythmic
-Beta blocker
-Improve cardiac efficiency
-Similar to propranolol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bretylium (Bretylol)

-Class III antiarrhythmic
-May treat VFib if defibrillator not avail

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

Study These Flashcards

-Class III antiarrhythmic

Sotalol (Betapace)

Study These Flashcards

-Class III antiarrhythmic
-Similar to propranolol
-Long-term treatment of ventricular arrhythmias

Verapamil hydrochloride

Study These Flashcards

-Class IV antiarrhythmic
-Treats SVTs, atrial flutter, AFib

Side-effects:
-Hypotension
-Bradycardia
-Tachycardia
-Pulmonary edema
-Worsening CHF

Diltiazem (Cardizem)

Study These Flashcards

-Class IV antiarrhythmic
-Treats SVTs and hypertension, HCM

Nifedipine (Adalat)

Study These Flashcards

-Class IV antiarrhythmic
-Treat hypertension

Amlodipine (Norvasc)

Study These Flashcards

-Class IV antiarrhythmic
-Decr afterload

Side-effects:
-Hypotension
-Bradycardia

Hydralazine (Apresoline)

Study These Flashcards

-Arterial vasodilator
-Reduces afterload associated with CHF

Side-effects:
-Hypotension
-Vomiting
-Diarrhea
-Na & H2O retention
-Tachycardia

Nitroglycerin ointment (Nitro-Bid)

-Venous vasodilator -Reduces preload from blood pooling in peripheral vessels and decr venous return to the heart -Improves cardiac output -Decr pulmonary edema Side-effects: -Hypotension -Rash at application site

Prazosin (Minipress)

-Alpha-1 Adrenergic blocker -Combined vasodilator -Decr BP and periph vasoconstriction -Does not activate renin-angiotensin system -Adjunctive treatment in CHF, DCM, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension Side-effects: -Hypotension -Syncope -Vomiting -Diarrhea

Nitroprusside

-Mixed vasodilator -Short-term use in acute hypertension and acute pulmonary edema

Enalapril (Enacard, Vasotec)

-ACE inhibitor -Mixed vasodilator -Can treat hypertension in CHF or HCM in cats Side-effects: -Hypotension -Azotemia -Vomiting -Diarrhea -Hyperkalemia

Benazepril (Lotensin)

-ACE inhibitor -Mixed vasodilator -Can treat hypertension in CHF or HCM in cats Side-effects: -Hypotension -Azotemia -Vomiting -Diarrhea -Hyperkalemia

Captopril (Capoten)

-ACE inhibitor -Mixed vasodilator Side-effects: -Hypotension -Azotemia -Vomiting -Diarrhea -Hyperkalemia

Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)

-ACE inhibitor -Mixed vasodilator Side-effects: -Hypotension -Azotemia -Vomiting -Diarrhea -Hyperkalemia

Ramipril (Vasotop, Altace)

-ACE inhibitor -Mixed vasodilator Side-effects: -Hypotension -Azotemia -Vomiting -Diarrhea -Hyperkalemia

Isosorbide (Isordil)

-Vasodilator

Isoxsuprine (Vasodilan)

-Vasodilator

Sildenafil (Viagra)

-Vasodilator -Can treat pulmonary hypertension

Tadalafil (Cialis)

-Vasodilator -Can treat pulmonary hypertension

Aspirin

-Decr pain, inflammation, fever, platelet aggregation -Decr tendency for clot formation in heart work tx and congestive cardiomyopathy in cats

Class 1A Antiarrhythmics

-Depress myocardial excitability, prolong refractory period, decr automaticity, incr conduction times -Quinidine -Procainamide

Class 1B Antiarrhythmics

-Sodium channel blockers (Stabilize myocardial cell membranes by blocking influx of Na into cell and preventing depolarization) -Lidocaine -Tocainamide -Mexiletine

Class II Antiarrhythmics

-Beta blockers (Parasympathomimetic in the heart) -Decr HR, slows cardiac conduction, decr myocardial O2 demand, decr BP and cardiac output -Propranolol -Atenolol -Esmolol -Metoprolol -Carvedilol

Positive Inotropes

-Incr calcium ions avail in mycocardial cells by inhibiting Na-K-ATP -Incr myocardial sensitivity to calcium -Incr cardiac contractility -Digoxin -Pimobendan -Amrinone -Milrinone

Class III Antiarrhythmics

-Potassium channel blockers -May treat VFib -Bretylium -Amiodarone -Sotalol (also a beta blocker)

Class IV Antiarrhythmics

-Calcium channel blockers (Depress contractile mechanism in myocardial/smooth muscle cells and depresse impulse transmission; Decr calcium availability relaxes smooth muscle, which causes vasodilation) -Decr BP through vasodilation -Incr cardiac output through decr afterload -Verapamil -Diltiazem -Nifepidine -Amlodipine

ACE Inhibitors

-Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (Prevent production of angiotensin II and release of aldosterone, which prevents vasoconstriction and Na/H2O retention) -Lowers BP -Decr preload & afterload -Enalapril -Benazepril -Lisinopril -Captopril -Ramipril

Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards

(44 cards)