Cardiovascular Drugs

Question 1

BP?
Systolic
Diastolic

Answer 1

Pressure blood applies to the inner walls of the arteries
S - heart contracts
D - heart relaxes

Question 2

Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR)

Answer 2

the resistance blood encounters as it flows through the pulmonary vasculature (from the lungs to the heart)

Question 3

Cardiac output

Answer 3

amount of blood pumped by the heart minute

Question 4

ACE-I drug examples:

Answer 4

Enalapril
Perindopril

Question 5

ARB drug examples

Answer 5

Losartan
Valsartan

Question 6

ACE-I

Answer 6

Angiotensin Converting enzyme
Meds to lower BP
Blocks action of an enzyme that produces angiotensin II

Question 7

ARB

Answer 7

Angiotensin II receptor blockers
Meds to lower BP.
Antagonist: prevents Angiotensin II to bind to receptors

Question 8

What is the contraindications for ACE-I and what to do if not tolerated

Answer 8

Pregnancy, previous angioedema, hyperkalaemia
Consider ARB

Question 9

*Diuresis

Answer 9

increased urine production by the kidneys during maintenance of fluid balance.

Question 9

*Beta-1 adrenoreceptors

Answer 9

activation increases SA nodal, AV nodal, and ventricular muscular firing, thus increasing heart rate and contractility

Question 10

*Alpha-1 adrenoreceptors

Answer 10

activation mediates vasoconstriction in systemic, pulmonary, renal, mesenteric, and coronary arterial circulations

Question 10

*Renin

Answer 10

blood pressure regulation

Question 11

• Angiotensin II

Answer 11

Vasoconstrictor and stimulate release of aldosterone

Question 12

*Aldosterone

Answer 12

helps control sodium and potassium in the body

Question 13

Examples of Beta blocker drugs?

Answer 13

Atenolol
Propranolol
Carvedilol

Question 14

What is Atenolol selective to?

Answer 14

Cardio-selective
mainly Beta1 receptors

Question 15

What is Propranolol selective to?

Answer 15

non-selective
Beta 1 and Beta 2

Question 16

What is Carvedilol selective to?

Answer 16

Beta 1 and Alpha 1

Question 17

What are the adverse effect of Beta blockers?

Answer 17

• Bronchoconstriction (caution in asthma & COPD!)
• Fatigue
• Cold extremities
• Dyslipidaemia

Question 18

*Calcium channel blockers

Answer 18

Calcium is essential for contraction in muscles
Decrease calcium: less smooth muscle contraction: dilation: decrease blood pressure

Question 19

What are the 2 types of Calcium Channel Blockers and their examples?

Answer 19

Dihydropyridines (Amlodipine and Nifedipine)
Non-dihydropyridine (Verapamil and Dilitiazem)

Question 20

What is the adverse effects of Calcium Channel Blockers?

Answer 20

Ankle oedema
headache
flushing

Question 21

*Diuretics

Answer 21

meds that increases urine production, helping the body eliminate excess fluid and salt

Question 22

What are the different types od Diuretics and examples of each?

Answer 22

Thiazide diuretics
- Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Loop diuretics
- Furosemide
Aldosterone antagonists (K+-sparing diuretics)
- Spironolactone