Cardiovascular drugs

Question 1

____ angina occurs during physical exertion
partially occluded coronary arteries
95% of angina

Answer 1

classic

Question 2

____ angina results from vasospasm

5% is this type

Answer 2

variant

Question 3

Nitroglycerin promotes vaso_____ in veins
treats both types
not given orally because first pass effect
taken as ____ tablet
AE: headache

Answer 3

dilation

buccal

Question 4

patch version of nitroglycerin

Answer 4

nitro-dur

Question 5

nitroglycerin reacts with ___ groups to produce ____ ____

Answer 5

sulfhydryl

nitric oxide

Question 6

drug similar to nitroglycerin but used prophylactically

Answer 6

isosorbide mononitrate

Question 7

drug originally for angina, not used anymore. gives euphoric rush, increase orgasm intensity

Answer 7

amyl nitrite

Question 8

drugs treat ED

Answer 8

Viagra, Cialis, Levitra

Question 9

Ca channel blockers relax vascular smooth muscle
decrease AFTER load
prophylactic

Answer 9

Calan
Cardizem
Procardia

Question 10

Beta blockers slow heart rate
only for classic
fewer adverse effects than Ca channel blockers

Answer 10

metropolol
atenolol
propranolol
carvedilol(CHF)

Question 11

CHF occurs when the heart’s pumping ____ due to lowered _____

Answer 11

decreases

contractility

Question 12

Diuretics used to treat CHF reduce edema by ___ urine flow to ____ blood volume
most common drug for CHF: ____

Answer 12

increase
decrease
furosemide

Question 13

___ gets its name from foxglove plant
increases heart contractility
low TI
AE: __ heart block

Answer 13

digoxin

AV

Question 14

___ ___ cause arteriovasodilation, on afterload

reduce mortality rates

Answer 14

ACE inhibitors

Question 15

drug that significantly lowers mortality rate of CHF patients

Answer 15

Spironolactone

Question 16

formation of thromboxane A2 leads to formation of ____ ____

Answer 16

platelet plug

Question 17

platelet plugs are reinforced by ___ to form a ____
forms an ____ when broken off,
becomes an ___ when it gets stuck

Answer 17

fibrin
thrombus
embolus
embolism

Question 18

Heparin binds \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_ to suppress fibrin.
inactivated by \_\_\_
given IV
low TI
AE: hemorrhage
OK during pregnancy

Answer 18

antithrombin III

HCl

Question 19

low molecular weight version of heparin: ___

no blood tests required

Answer 19

enoxaparin

Question 20

drug first marketed as rat poison: \_\_\_\_
Vit K antagonist
taken orally
vit K found in\_\_\_\_
INR stands for \_\_\_\_\_ and is ratio for clotting time

Answer 20

warfarin
leafy greens
international normalized ratio

Question 21

drug that reduces blood viscosity

Answer 21

Trental

Question 22

drug claimed to be better than aspirin. does not cause ulceration
for people who have suffered stroke

Answer 22

plavix

Question 23

antibody that binds to glycoprotein on human platelets. decreases tendency to aggregate

Answer 23

reo-pro

Question 24

thrombolytic drug made of human enzymes used to dissolve clot after stroke or MI

Answer 24

Alteplase

tPA-tissue plasminogen activator

Question 25

cholesterol comes from | converted into

Answer 25

dietary source and synthesis in liver | vit D, bile salts

Question 26

average adult level of blood cholesterol

Answer 26

180-200 mg/dl

Question 27

LDL over ____ and total over ____ is bad

Answer 27

135 | 200

Question 28

cholesterol risk factor is average is 5.0 for male 4.5 for female

Answer 28

(LDL + HDL) / HDL

Question 29

HDL can be increased by

Answer 29

alcohol consumption | exercise

Question 30

___ drug family treats high cholesterol | inhibits enzyme used in cholesterol synthesis: _____

Answer 30

statin | HMG-CoA reductase

Question 31

AE of statin drugs: liver abnormalities blood test looks for ____ ____ in blood GI disturbance

Answer 31

liver enzymes

Question 32

most common statin drugs

Answer 32

simvastatin | atorvastatin

Question 33

original statin drug

Answer 33

lovastatin

Question 34

most potent LDL reducer statin drug, high incidence of myopathy

Answer 34

rosuvastatin

Question 35

statin drug that increases HDL most

Answer 35

pitavastatin

Question 36

dietary supplement made from red yeast with naturally occurring HMG CoA reductase

Answer 36

cholestin

Question 37

drug that inhibits dietary cholesterol absorption: _____ | combined with simvastatin to make: ____

Answer 37

zetia | vytorin

Question 38

Vit B3: _____ reduces cholesterol in large doses causes cutaneous flushing

Answer 38

niacin

Question 39

drug that activates lipoprotein lipase, lower LDL

Answer 39

tricor

Question 40

drug that raised HDL but also raised mortality rate, off the market positive surrogate outcome, neg clinic outcme

Answer 40

Torcetrapib

Question 41

drug that stimulates production of red blood cells

Answer 41

erythropoietin

Question 42

synthetic form of naturally occurring levothyroxine hormone | safe during pregnancy, rated A

Answer 42

Synthroid