Diabetes

Question 1

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by ___glycemia after a meal

Answer 1

hyper

Question 2

Type ___ diabetes, IDDM or juvenile onset
due to complete lack of insulin production by ___ cells in ___
autoimmune response

Answer 2

1
beta
pancreas

Question 3

Type __ diabetes due to insufficient functional insulin receptors
results in inability to remove ___ from blood
overweight and sedentary
high carb/low fiber

Answer 3

2

glucose

Question 4

treatment of type 1 is ___ ___

Answer 4

insulin injection

Question 5

insulin cannot be taken orally because _____

Answer 5

it will be denatured in the stomach

Question 6

sites of insulin injection need to be rotated. may lead to _____

Answer 6

lipohypertrophy

Question 7

short acting insulin is taken before a meal: ____ or _____
will polymerize , dilute in tissues, and then depolymerize into active monomer
variant of insulin that does not polymerize ___

Answer 7

Humulin R
Novolin R
Lispro

Question 8

intermediate acting acts as crystals that dissolve in tissue before becoming active: _____ and ____
made by precipitating insulin with protein ____
can be mixed, called ____ and_____

Answer 8

humulin N
novolin N
protamine
Humulin 70/30
novolin 70/30

Question 9

semisynthetic form, long acting insulin, can be combined with lispro to provide postprandial control
advertised to be injected ONCE a day

Answer 9

Glargine

Question 10

hypoglycemia can cause:

Answer 10

headache
drowsiness
fatigue
tachycardia

Question 11

blood sugar control is monitored by measuring the amount of HbA1C which stands for _____ _____
when glucose reacts with proteins it becomes a __________
5.0-5.5% is normal
7% or up is good for diabetics

Answer 11

glycated hemoglobin

glycated protein

Question 12

device providing continuous infusion of insulin ____ ____

expensive

Answer 12

insulin pumps

Question 13

inhalation form of insulin

Answer 13

exubera

Question 14

transplant pancrei rarely done because

Answer 14

require life-long use of immunosuppressive drugs

Question 15

early stages of type 2 can be controlled by lifestyle changes such as:

Answer 15

diet and exercise

Question 16

type 2 drugs that simulate release of insulin: _____
promote uptake of glucose
adverse effects: increased appetite and weight gain

Answer 16

sulfonylureas

ex: glipizide, glyburide, glimepiride

Question 17

____ tribe in Arizona and mexico show the effects of lifestyle

Answer 17

Pima

Question 18

_____ is most prescribed type 2 oral drug.
decreases liver production of ___
increases receptor sensitivity
elevates utilization of glucose

Answer 18

Metformin

glucose

Question 19

drug family that increases sensitivity of insulin receptors
primarily in ___ and ____
combined with metformin
_____ has published risk of increased ___
original drug: ___, withdrawn from market due to liver failure

Answer 19

glitazone
muscle
adipocytes
rosiglitazone
CHF
troglitazone

Question 20

___ are naturally occurring peptide hormones that stimulate release of insulin
modified version on the market: ____
____ inhibits metabolism of these natural peptides

Answer 20

incretins
Byetta
Sitagliptin