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Mark's PEARLS > Cardiovascular Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What is the formula for blood pressure?

A

BP = CO x SVR

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2
Q

What is the expanded formula for your blood pressure?

A

BP = HR x SV x SVR

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3
Q

Hypertension with comorbid CHF/DM.

SE: cough, angioedema, & contraindicated in bilateral RAS

A

Captopril

Anti-Hypertensive Drugs

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4
Q

Used in ACE-inhibitor intolerance

A

Losartan

Anti-Hypertensive Drugs

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5
Q

Hypertension with comorbid BPH

A

Prazosin

Anti-Hypertensive Drugs

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6
Q

Pre-eclampsia (maintenance medication)

SE: hemolytic anemia (positive Coombs test)

A

Methyldopa

Anti-Hypertensive Drugs

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7
Q

Pre-eclampsia (acute BP lowering)

SE: reflex tachycardia & drug induced lupus.

A

Hydralazine

Anti-Hypertensive Drugs

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8
Q

Hypertensive emergency

SE: hypertrichosis

A

Minoxidil

Anti-Hypertensive Drugs

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9
Q

Hypertensive emergency

SE: Cyanide poisoning

A

Nitroprusside

Anti-Hypertensive Drugs

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10
Q

Treatment of cyanide poisoning

A

Amyl Nitrite

Anti-Hypertensive Drugs

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11
Q

Why do patients taking angiotensin antagonist (ACE-Is/ARBs) develop hyperkalemia?

A

ACE-Is/ARBs reduce aldosterone levels and cause potassium retention.

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12
Q

Which portion of the electron transport chain us affected by cyanide?

A

Complex IV (Cytochrome Oxidase) of ETC.

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13
Q

What is the antidote for Cyanide Poisoning?

A

Ingaled Amyl Nitrite + IV sodium nitrite + IV sodium thiosulfate

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14
Q

Relief of acute anginal attacks.

SE: headache

A

Nitroglycerine
ISDN
(Anti-anginal drugs)

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15
Q

Anginal maintenance, vascular > cardiac effect.

SE: flushing, edema, gingival hyperplasia.

A

Nifedipine

Anti-anginal drugs

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16
Q

Anginal maintenance, cardiac > vascular effect, vasospastic angina, Raynaud’s phenomenon.

Does not cause gingival hyperplasia.

A

Diltiazem

Anti-anginal drugs

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17
Q

Supraventricular tachycardia (OPD setting), Cardiac > Vascular effect

Gingival hyperplasia

A

Verapamil

Anti-anginal drugs

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18
Q

Why do patients taking nitrates usually experience throbbing headaches?

A

Due to meningeal blood vessel vasodilation

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19
Q

Why is calcium-dependent neurotransmission or hormone release not affected by CCBs?

A

CCBs block L-type Ca channels

other functions use N-,P-, and R-types

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20
Q

What drugs can cause gingival hyperplasia?

Study These Flashcards
A

Nifedipene, Cyclosporine, Phenytoin, & Verapamil

21
Q

Positive inotrope for heart failure.

SE: arrythmias (PVC & AVB) & yellow visual halos

Study These Flashcards
A

Digoxin

Drugs for Heart Failure

22
Q

Treatment of Pulmonary edema in CHF.

Study These Flashcards
A

Furosemide

Drugs for Heart Failure

23
Q

First-line drug for CHF, Cardioprotective, and Renoprotective.

Study These Flashcards
A

ACE-I & ARBs

Drugs for Heart Failure

24
Q

Improves survival (decreases mortality) in CHF.

Study These Flashcards
A

ACE-I, ARBs, Beta blocker, & Spinorolactone

Drugs for Heart Failure

25
Decrease Hospitalizations in CHF.
Digoxin | Drugs for Heart Failure
26
Improves survival in CHF patients of African-American descent.
Hydralazine & ISDN | Drugs for Heart Failure
27
What drugs have been shown to improve survival in cases of heart failure?
ACE-I, Beta blockers, & Aldosterone antagonist | Drugs for Heart Failure
28
Treatment of all types of arrythmias & WPW syndrome. | SE: drug-induced lupus
Procainamide (IA) | Antiarrhytmic drugs
29
For atrial and ventricular arrythmias | SE: Cinchonism
Qunine Quinidine (IA) (Antiarrhytmic drugs)
30
Post-MI arrythmias and Digitalis arrythmias | SE: seizures
Lidocaine (IB)
31
Contraindicated post-MI Refractory arrythmias
Flecainide (IC)
32
Perioperative & thyrotoxic arrythmias and SVT
Esmolol
33
Beta-blocker, Group 3 acitivity | SE: dose-dependent Torsades de pointes
Amiodarone, Ibutilide, Dofetilide, and Sotalol
34
Most efficacious antiarrythmic | SE: skin deposits, pulmonary fibrosis, and hyper/hypothyroidism
Amiodarone (Class I - IV activity)
35
Outpatient management of SVT. | SE: gingival hyperplasia
Verapamil
36
What are the effects of Class I antiarrythmics on action potential duration?
Class IA: PROLONGS Class IB: SHORTENS Class IC: NO EFFECT
37
Acts on PCT, treatment of glaucoma and mountain sickness. SE: NAGMA (Metabolic Acidosis), hepatic encephalopathy
Acetazolamide (Diuretics)
38
Acts on TAL, treatment of Pulmonary edema, most efficacious diuretics. SE: Ototoxicity, Hypokalemia, Hypocalcemia, Calcium stones
Furosemide, Bumetanide, Torsemide, and ethacrynic acid | Diuretics
39
Acts on DCT, Given in renal calcium stones SE: Hyperglycemia
HCTZ | Diuretics
40
Acts on CCD SE: Gynecomastia, Hyperkalemia
Spinorolactone Aldactone (Diuretics)
41
Acts on PCT, DCT, and CCD. Treatment of rhabdomyolysis and increased ICP. SE: Transient volume expansion
Mannitol | Diuretics
42
What are the adverse effects associated with loop diuretics?
OHHH DANG! ``` Ototoxicity Hypokalemia Hypocalcemia Hypomagnesemia Dehydration Allergy to Sulfa Nephritis Gout (hyperurecemia) ```
43
Adverse effects of Thiazide Diuretics?
``` Hyper GLUC Glycemia Lipidemia Uricemia Calcemia ``` Hypokalemia and natremia
44
Which drugs can cause gynecomastia?
Spinorolactone, Digoxin, Cimetidine, Alcohol, and Ketoconazole
45
Treatment for Class 1A overdose?
Sodium Lactate - for arrythmias | Pressor Sympathomimetics - drug induced hypotension
46
Amiodarone toxicity:
``` Pulmonary fibrosis Paresthesia Tremors Thyroid dysfunction Corneal deposits Skin deposits ```
47
HAGMA
MUDPILES ``` Methanol Uremia DKA Paraldehyde Isoniazid, Iron Lactic Acid Ethanol, Ethylene glycol Salicylates ```
48
NAGMA
HARD UP ``` Hyperalimentation Acetazolamide RTA Diarrhea Ureteral diversion Pancreatic fistula ```

Mark's PEARLS (24 decks)

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