Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BMS10 > Cardiovascular Drugs & Dentistry > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Drugs & Dentistry Flashcards

1
Q

What does ‘acutely’ mean?

A

Progresses rapidly

Lasts for a short period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is acute myocardial infarction caused by?

A

Thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can acute myocardial infarction lead to?

A

Heart failure

Arrhythmias

Sudden cardiac death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What affects the heart’s energy status and viability?

A

Coronary artery blood flow

Sympathetic stimulation

Peripheral arterioles/TPR

Central venous pressure sets inotropic state/resting ventricular pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does sympathetic stimulation affect cardiac output?

A

b1-adrenoceptors activated

Increased rate and force of pumping

Increased cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What factors improve the energy status of the ventricles?

A

Increased energy supply

Reduced energy demand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What can increase the energy supply of the heart?

A

Increased coronary artery supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can decrease the energy demand of the heart?

A

Reduced afterload/TPR

Reduced preload/CVP

Negative inotropy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the aetiology of IHD?

A

Coronary atherosclerosis

Thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is coronary atherosclerosis?

A

Lesion in coronary arteries and laying down of lipid leading to a fat lump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is acute thrombosis?

A

Platelets suddenly start clumping on a fissure of an atherosclerotic plaque causing obstruction of vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can provoke angina pectoris?

A

Increased sympathetic stimulation (eg. exercise)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the causes of death in IHD?

A

Ventricular fibrillation

Heart failure

Stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What may be the cause of angina pectoris?

A

Adenosine (local mediator, ATP metabolism)

Accumulates due to lack of washout

Stimulates nerves = pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the three types of angina pectoris?

A

Stable angina

Unstable angina

Inappropriate coronary vasospasm (Prinzmetal’s variant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is stable angina?

A

Fixed partial blockage (atheroma)

Exercise or stress causes pain; alleviated by rest

17
Q

What is unstable angina?

A

Atheroma fissures and thrombus forms causing full blockage of artery

18
Q

How do you treat acute angina attacks?

A

Sublingual GTN/nitroglycerin

19
Q

Why is GTN not given orally?

A

Liver metabolises GTN too quickly

20
Q

What is the mechanism of GTN?

A

Venodilatation (in capacitance veins)

Reduces central venous pressure/preload

Decreases inotropic state

Decreased energy/oxygen demand

21
Q

Why does exercise/stress trigger stable angina?

A

At rest, coronary supply meets demand

Exercise/stress = increased sympathetic stimulation and heart works harder

Vasodilatation

Atheroma cannot dilate so limits maximum flow

Coronary supply cannot meet demand

22
Q

How do the pharmacokinetics of GTN allow it to work?

A

Denitrated in bloodstream

NO produced

NO diffuses into smooth muscle and initiates cascade involving cGMP => smooth muscle relaxation

23
Q

What is a heart attack?

A

Sudden, symptomatic episode of acute myocardial ischaemia (loss of coronary blood flow) in patients with IHD

24
Q

What is morphine used for?

A

Acute myocardial infarction

Reduces stress-related catecholamine drive

25
Q

How is morphine administered?

A

Intravenously

26
Q

What is the major side effect of morphine?

A

Nausea

27
Q

What is a ventricular premature beat?

A

Mild ventricular arrhythmia

Next normal beat is very powerful due to prolonged diastolic interval

28
Q

What is the most severe type of arrhythmia?

A

Ventricular fibrillation

29
Q

Why does ventricular fibrillation cause death?

A

Disturbed electrical physiology due to a region of ischaemia

Electrical waves fragmented = vibration instead of contraction

No cardiac output so no blood to brain

30
Q

What should you do when ventricular fibrillation occurs in a patient?

A

Mechanical defibrillation

CPR

Intravenous lignocaine

Dial 999

31
Q

What do a1-adrenoceptor antagonists do?

A

Block sympathetic reflex to constrict arteries/arterioles

32
Q

Why might someone be taking a1-adrenoceptor antagonists?

A

For hypertension

33
Q

What is an example of an a1-adrenoceptor antagonist?

A

Prazosin

34
Q

What can a1-adrenoceptors cause?

A

Orthostatic/postural hypotension

BMS10 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions