cardiovascular part 1 (2)

Question 1

describe blood flo through heart?

Answer 1

inferior vena cava → right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonic valve → pulmonary arteries → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium → mitral valve → aortic valve → aorta → body

Question 2

what are the 2 atrioventricular (AV) valves?

separate atrium and ventricles, name right and left

Answer 2

tricuspid = right AV valve
mitral = left AV valve

Question 3

which 2 valves are semilunar valves?

Answer 3

pulmonic valve
aortic valve

Question 4

what node is the pacemaker of the heart?

Answer 4

SA node

Question 5

what cells initiate electrical impulse?

Answer 5

specialized cells in right upper atrium near superior vena cava (SA node!!!)

Question 6

where is the AV node located?

Answer 6

low in atrial septum

Question 7

why do PICC lines casue increased risk for arrythmias?

Answer 7

they are near the SA node, amy touch and interfere

Question 8

describe pathway of conduction?

Answer 8

SA node → AV node → bundle of HIS → R and L bundle branches → purkinje fibers

Question 9

what signifies atrial depolarization

Answer 9

P wave

Question 10

what is the time from beginning of atrial depolarization to beginning of ventricular depoalrization

Answer 10

PR interval

Question 11

what is ventricular depolarization

Answer 11

QRS complex

Question 12

what is ventricular repolarization

Answer 12

T wave

Question 13

what is the period between ventricular depolarization and repolarization?

Answer 13

ST segment

Question 14

when can electrical conduction be measured PQRST

Answer 14

if pt. is in sinus rhythm with 5 leads

Question 15

what is the amount of oxygen that can be delivered to tissues

Answer 15

oxygen saturation

Question 16

what measures arterial oxygen saturation?

Answer 16

SpO2 (pulse ox)

Question 17

normal pulse ox?

Answer 17

95-98

Question 18

what will require a child to need oxygen?

Answer 18

can not maintain 92% while awake or 88% while sleeping

Question 19

what is the point if maximum impulse for children 7 and younger?

Answer 19

4th intercostal space (ICS) medial to left midclavicular line (MCL)

Question 20

what is the point of maximum impulse over age 7?

Answer 20

5th ICS, left MCL

Question 21

what is the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle each minute

Answer 21

cardiac output

Question 22

how is cardiac output controlled in young children

Answer 22

heart rate

Question 23

what is the ability of the heart muscle fibers to contract forcefully?

Answer 23

contractibility

Question 24

what si teh systemic resistance to the ventricular ejection of blood?

Answer 24

afterload

Question 25

how long does a child rely on heart rate for cardiac output?

Answer 25

until 5 y.o.

Question 26

what heart sound is produced by the closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves when ventricular contraction begins?

Answer 26

S1 (first heart sound)

Question 27

what heart sound is produced by the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves

Answer 27

S2 (secind sound)

Question 28

what is the bell of the steth used to hear?

Answer 28

low pitched murmur

Question 29

where is the aortic area auscultated?

Answer 29

2nd ICS RSB

Question 30

where is the pulmonic area auscultated?

Answer 30

2nd ICS, LSB

Question 31

where is the tricuspid area auscultated?

Answer 31

5th ICS, LSB or RSB

Question 32

where is the mitral area auscultated in infants?

Answer 32

3rd or 4th ICS, just left of MCL

Question 33

where si the mitral area auscultated in children (not infants)

Answer 33

5th ICS, LSB

Question 34

where do you listed for heart rate

Answer 34

apex

Question 35

normal awake and sleeping heart rates for newborn-3 m.o.

Answer 35

* awake = 85-205 * sleep = 80-160

Question 36

normal awake and sleeping heart rates for 3 months-2 y.o.

Answer 36

* awake = 100-190 * sleep= 75-160

Question 37

normal awake and sleeping heart rates for 2 y.o.-10 y.o.

Answer 37

* awake = 60-140 * sleep = 60-90

Question 38

normal awake and sleeping heart rates for greater than 10 y.o.

Answer 38

* awake = 60-100 * sleep = 50-90

Question 39

what arm is best for blood pressure

Answer 39

right

Question 40

if a cuff is too small, the bp will be falsely ____?

Answer 40

high

Question 41

if a cuff is too big, the bp will be falsely ____?

Answer 41

low

Question 42

bp is higher in the ____

Answer 42

legs (not preffered)

Question 43

how do you calculate 50th percentile BP?

Answer 43

(90+(age in years x 2))

Question 44

how do you calculate 5th percentile BP (hypotension)? | used in 1 y.o. to 10 y.o.

Answer 44

(70+(age in years x 2))

Question 45

what is newborn-30 d.o. systolic hypotension?

Answer 45

less than 60

Question 46

what is hypotension in 1 m.o.-1 y.o.?

Answer 46

less than 70

Question 47

what shows abnirmal neurological status in babies

Answer 47

disinterest in feeding, weak suck, irritability, weak cry, lethargic, poor tone

Question 48

when does acrocyanosis resolve?

Answer 48

w/in 48 hr (immature circulation)

Question 49

what causes heart murmurs? | 4 of them

Answer 49

* turbulent flow * forced through narrow passage * regurgitation * increased flow (anemia)

Question 50

are all murmurs bad?

Answer 50

no

Question 51

what are abnormal cap refill, skin, and temp findings?

Answer 51

* cap refill greater than 3 and uneven upper/lower * mottling, pallor * cold/cool

Question 52

what are the muscle fibers in the interventricular septum called? 1. purkinje fibers 2. bundle of HIS 3. bundle branches 4. atrioventricular fibers

Answer 52

2

Question 53

which extremity is best to take BP in?

Answer 53

right arm

Question 54

what is the 50th percentile systolic for a 6 y.o.? 1. 114/66 2. 90/64 3. 96/68 4. 102/66

Answer 54

4

Question 55

what will a cardiovascualr peripheral assessmnet include?

Answer 55

color, temp, cap refill, pulses, edema