Cardiovascular System

Question 1

How many times does blood pass through the heart in each cycle?

Answer 1

Twice

Question 2

What are the four parts of blood?

Answer 2

• Plasma
• Red blood cells
• White blood cells
• Platlets

Question 3

What is the shape of red blood cells in mammals?

Answer 3

Biconcave discs

Question 4

Are red blood cells nucleated?

Answer 4

Not nucleated in mammals nucleated in birds reptiles and fish

Question 5

Where are red blood cells mainly produced?

Answer 5

Bone marrow

Question 6

What is the lifespan of a red blood cell?

Answer 6

70-160 days

Question 7

Where are red blood cells destroyed?

Answer 7

In the spleen

Question 8

Where are white blood cells produced?

Answer 8

In the bone marrow

Question 9

What are the two types of white blood cells part of the adaptive immune response?

Answer 9

Lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 10

What are platelets?

Answer 10

Fragments of the cytoplasm of large cells located in bone marrow

Question 11

What are the roles of platelets?

Answer 11

Involved in clotting and repair of small areas of damage to blood vessel walls

Question 12

What are the four main chambers of the heart?

Answer 12

2 atria and 2 ventricles

Question 13

What is the purpose of the atrium?

Answer 13

Where the blood enters the heart

Question 14

What is the purpose of the ventricles?

Answer 14

Where the blood exits the heart

Question 15

How can you distinguish between left ventricle and right ventricle?

Answer 15

Left ventricle is larger than the right ventricle

Question 16

What is the coronary groove?

Answer 16

Groove on the surface of the heart that separates the right atrium from the right ventricle, containing the the blood vessels to the heart

Question 17

What is the interventricular groove?

Answer 17

Groove on the heart’s surface that marks the separation between the left and right ventricle

Question 18

What is the pericardium?

Answer 18

A two layer sac around the heart

Question 19

What is the parietal layer of the pericardium?

Answer 19

The thick fibrous outer layer

Question 20

What is the visceral layer of the pericardium?

Answer 20

The thin visceral layer attached to the heart wall

Question 21

What is the function of the pericardium?

Answer 21

Stops heart from moving excessively and reduces friction due to fluid between the layers

Question 22

Where does the pericardium attach?

Answer 22

Attached to the base of heart and diaphragm or sternum

Question 23

What is the heart wall called?

Answer 23

Myocardium

Question 24

What is the endocardium?

Answer 24

A thin smooth layer of epithelial cells covering the heart internally

Question 25

What is the role of the sinoatrial node?

Answer 25

It is in the right atrium and sends the signal to the rest of the heart to contract

Question 26

What anchors the heart valves to the ventricle walls?

Answer 26

Chordae tendineae which are fine cords

Question 27

What are the two loops of blood circulation known as?

Answer 27

- Pulmonary circulation - Systemic circulation

Question 28

What occurs during the pulmonary circulation?

Answer 28

Supplies blood from R side of heart and drains blood from lungs and is involved in gas exchange

Question 29

What occurs during the systemic circulation:

Answer 29

Transports blood from L side of heart to and from the rest of the body

Question 30

What are the characteristics of arteries?

Answer 30

Thick, relatively rigid walls moving oxygenated blood

Question 31

What are the characteristics of veins?

Answer 31

Thinner walls moving deoxygenated blood

Question 32

How are blood vessels layers arranged?

Answer 32

It has concentric layers going from in out: - Tunica interna - Tunica media - Tunica externa

Question 33

What is the characteristic of capillaries?

Answer 33

Small vessel with thin walls which allow movement of substances in and out of tissue

Question 34

What is the structure of the lymphatic system?

Answer 34

Consists of a network of vessels which are one way system returning to the great veins rather than a circuit, tissues and organs

Question 35

What is the purpose of the lymphatic system?

Answer 35

Helps maintain fluid balance and circulated lymphocytes