Respiratory System Anatomy

Question 1

What are the 4 parts of the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 1

• Nostrils
• Nasal cavity
• Pharynx
• Larynx

Question 2

What are the two parts of the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 2

• Trachea
• Lungs

Question 3

Where is there cartilage in the external part of the nose?

Answer 3

On the medial, dorsal and ventral surface

Question 4

Where is the nasal cavity?

Answer 4

Extends from external nostril to the internal nostrils at the caudal extremity of the hard palate

Question 5

What is the nasal septum?

Answer 5

The cartilage and bone wall that divides the nose into two separate nasal passages

Question 6

What are conchae?

Answer 6

The bony scroll like structures that are protruding into the nasal cavity

Question 7

What is the primary function of the conchae?

Answer 7

Is to increase the surface area of the nasal cavity which helps to warm and humidify the air as it passes to the lungs

Question 8

What are meatuses in the nasal cavity?

Answer 8

Are air passages located beneath the nasal conchae

Question 9

What are the four main meatuses in the nasal cavity?

Answer 9

• Common
• Dorsal
• Middle
• Ventral

Question 10

What is the structure of the meatuses cavities?

Answer 10

E shaped with the common the I and in this order top to bottom dorsal, middle, ventral are the prongs

Question 11

What is the olfactory epithelium?

Answer 11

Where the smelling cells are

Question 12

What are the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 12

Air filled cavities within the bones of the skull and facial bones around the nose

Question 13

What are the three main roles of the nasal cavity?

Answer 13

• Warm up the air
• Humidify the air by vaporisation of tears and serous nasal secretions
• Cleanse the air of any unwanted material

Question 14

What is typical respiratory epithelium?

Answer 14

Is a ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium found lining most of the respiratory tract

Question 15

What is the pharynx?

Answer 15

The common chamber of digestive and respiratory tracts

Question 16

What is the larynx?

Answer 16

The connection between the pharynx and the trachea

Question 17

What are the three main roles of the laryinx?

Answer 17

• Regulation of airflow
• Prevention of inspiration of food
• Vocalisation

Question 18

What is the tracheas structure?

Answer 18

Tube-like structure connecting the larynx to the bronchi, supported by C-shaped rings of cartilage interspersed with annular ligaments

Question 19

What are bronchiole?

Answer 19

A tiny branch of air tubes in the lungs without any cartilage

Question 20

What are the terminal bronchiole?

Answer 20

Are the smallest conducting airways in the respiratory system where gas exchange does not occur

Question 21

What are the respiratory bronchiole?

Answer 21

Are the narrowest airways in the lungs where gas exchange occurs

Question 22

What are the alveoli?

Answer 22

Alveoli are tiny, microscopic air sacs that are one cell thick located at the end of the bronchioles where gas exchange occurs readily

Question 23

Which lung side is larger and why?

Answer 23

The right lung is larger as the heart occupies space on the left side of the chest

Question 24

How many lobes does the right lung have and what are they called?

Answer 24

Three lobes
- Cranial
- Middle
- Caudal

Question 25

How many lobes does the left lung have?

Answer 25

Two lobes - Cranial - Caudal

Question 26

What is the hilus of the lung?

Answer 26

Is the entry and exit point on the medial surface of the lung where bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatics and nerve pass

Question 27

What are lobules in the lungs?

Answer 27

Lobules are the smallest functional unit of the lung each supplied by a terminal bronchiole

Question 28

What is the sternum and its role in the thoracic cavity?

Answer 28

Is the breastbone at the front of the chest providing structural support and protection for the heart and a connection point for the ribs

Question 29

What is the diaphragm and its role in respiration?

Answer 29

Is a dome shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and contracts during inhalation to increase chest volume and draw air into the lungs

Question 30

What are pleural sacs?

Answer 30

Are double layered membranes surrounding each lung

Question 31

What is the visceral pleura?

Answer 31

The membrane that covers the surface of the lungs

Question 32

What is the parietal pleura?

Answer 32

The membrane that lines the inside of the chest wall, diaphragm and mediastinum

Question 33

What is the central mediastinum?

Answer 33

Is the area between the lungs that contains the heart, trachea, eosophagus, major vessels, nerves and lymph nodes

Question 34

Why is negative pressure in the pleural cavity important?

Answer 34

It keeps the lungs inflated and assists with lung expansion during inhalation

Question 35

What is the pleural cavity?

Answer 35

Is the space between the visceral and parietal pleura that contains pleural fluid

Question 36

What are the four steps for inhalation?

Answer 36

- Inspiratory muscles contract - Thoracic cavity expands - Increase negative pressure - Air flows into lungs until alveolar pressure equals atmospheric pressure