Reproduction in the Female

Question 1

What is the oviduct?

Answer 1

The fallopian tube

Question 2

What is a corpus hamorrhagicum?

Answer 2

A temporary structure in the ovary after ovulation

Question 3

What is the corpus luteum?

Answer 3

The yellow coloured (in some animals) structure formed after follicle rupture that releases progesterone for pregnancy

Question 4

What is the corpus albicans?

Answer 4

The white scar like structure that forms after the breakdown of the corpus luteum

Question 5

How does ovulation occur?

Answer 5

The primary follicle matures and expands until it becomes a dominant follicle and ruptures from the surface of the ovary

Question 6

What is the order of the stages of oestrous cycle?

Answer 6

• Estrus
• Ovulation
• Metestrus
• Diestrus
• Proestrus

Question 7

What occurs during proeostrus?

Answer 7

The follicle is growing

Question 8

What occurs during estrus?

Answer 8

Large follicles are present and estrogen levels peak

Question 9

What occurs during metestrus?

Answer 9

The corpus luteum is starting to form

Question 10

What occurs during diestrus?

Answer 10

The corpus luteum mis fully formed and progesterone levels peak

Question 11

What are oogonia?

Answer 11

Immature female reproductive cells

Question 12

What is meiotic arrest and how long does it last for?

Answer 12

The stopping of meiosis of oogenesites before they fully divide until puberty

Question 13

What is the infundibulum in female reproduction?

Answer 13

Flared funnel like end of the fallopian tube closest to the ovary containing finger like projections called fimbriae

Question 14

What is the ampulla in female reproduction?

Answer 14

The widest and longest part of the fallopian tube where fertilisation most commonly occurs

Question 15

What is the isthmus in female reproduction?

Answer 15

The narrow section that connects the uterine body to the cervix

Question 16

What is a duplex uterus?

Answer 16

One with two cervices

Question 17

What is a bicornuate uterus?

Answer 17

One with either poorly or highly developed uterine horns

Question 18

What is simplex uterus?

Answer 18

One without horns

Question 19

What are caruncles?

Answer 19

• Specialised raised areas of ruminant endometrium that serve as serve as attachment points for the foetal placenta

Question 20

What are placental scars?

Answer 20

Not true scars but instead marks that will fade with time of where the placenta was attached

Question 21

What is the role of the cervix?

Answer 21

• Stops foreign body entry
• Selects for higher quality more motile sperm
• Isolates the uterus during pregnancy

Question 22

What is the structure of the cervix in cows, ewes and sows?

Answer 22

Spiral shaped with interlocking prominences

Question 23

What is the structure of the cervix in mares?

Answer 23

Folds of mucosa protruding into vagina

Question 24

What is the structure of the cervix in bitches and queens?

Answer 24

They lack any complex structures

Question 25

What occurs during the follicular phase?

Answer 25

- Regression of the corpus luteum to ovulation - Follicles are present - Dominated by oestrogen

Question 26

What occurs during the luteal phase?

Answer 26

- Ovulation to regression of corpus luteum - Corpus lutea are present - Involves preparation for pregnancy - Dominated by progesterone

Question 27

How is the corpus luteum formed?

Answer 27

Follicular cells convert to luteal cells

Question 28

What does oestrogen promote?

Answer 28

- Uterine blood flow - Growth of uterine endometrial glands - Sexual receptivity - Mammary duct growth

Question 29

What does progesterone promote?

Answer 29

- Uterine endometrial gland growth - Mammary gland growth - Inactivity (state of relaxation) of uterus

Question 30

What are the three things that can occur after the luteal phase?

Answer 30

- Pregnancy - End of breeding season and goes into anoestrus - Goes into the next cycle

Question 31

What is luteolysis?

Answer 31

The breakdown of the corpus luteum

Question 32

How is luteolysis triggered?

Answer 32

- No embryo present the uterus releases PGF2α - PGF2α stimulates formation of oxytocin receptors on the endometrium - PGF2α transported to the ovary and breaks down Cl