Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What does systol mean?

Answer 1

Contraction

Question 2

What does diastole mean?

Answer 2

Relaxation

Question 3

What is the SA node referred to?

Answer 3

Pace maker

Question 4

Where does the SA node send electrical impulse to?

Answer 4

AV bundle and pirjinkie fibres

Question 5

What muscle layer of the arteries is the thickest?

Answer 5

Tunic media

Question 6

What is the average blood pressure?

Answer 6

120
80

Question 7

What is the average resting heart rate?

Answer 7

72bpm

Question 8

What is the average stroke volume?

Answer 8

70mls

Question 9

What is the average cardiac output?

Answer 9

5L per min

Question 10

What does cardiac output mean?

Answer 10

Volume of Blood pumped by heart per minute

Question 11

What does heart rate mean?

Answer 11

Heart beats per minute

Question 12

What does stroke volume mean?

Answer 12

Amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle when it contracts

Question 13

What is the sum of cardiac output?

Answer 13

Stroke volume x heart rate

Question 14

Do veins or arteries have larger lumen?

Answer 14

Veins

Question 15

Do veins or arteries have thicker cell walls?

Answer 15

Arteries

Question 16

What are the 4 components of the cardio vascular system?

Answer 16

Heart
Veins
Arteries
Capillaries

Question 17

What is the main function of arteries?

Answer 17

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart and to the body

Question 18

What is the main function of veins?

Answer 18

Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart

Question 19

What is the one artery that carries deoxygenated blood?

Answer 19

Pulmonary artery which carries blood from the heart to the lungs

Question 20

What do semilunar valves do in the cardiovascular system?

Answer 20

Stop blood flowing back the wrong way in the heart

Question 21

In venous return, do veins carry blood at high or low pressure?

Answer 21

Low

Question 22

During inspiration, how can the thoracic pressure and abdominal pressure be described?

Answer 22

Lower thoracic pressure, higher abdominal pressure

Question 23

During expiration, how can thoracic pressure and abdominal pressure be described?

Answer 23

Higher thoracic pressure, lower abdominal pressure

Question 24

What are the arteries that are found outside of the heart which control the heart muscles?

Answer 24

Coronary arteries

Question 25

What can happen if a coronary artery becomes blocked?

Answer 25

Heart attack

Question 26

What are the 3 main functions of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 26

-circulate blood around the body -Provide cells with glucose and oxygen -take waste products to excreting organs

Question 27

describe the shape of the heart…

Answer 27

Cone shaped Hollow muscular organ

Question 28

What is the heart protected by?

Answer 28

Ribs

Question 29

What does the septum of the heart do?

Answer 29

Stop mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

Question 30

What are the 2 components of dual circulation?

Answer 30

Pulmonary circulation- deoxygenated blood to the lungs and back Systemic circulation- oxygenated blood to the body and back

Question 31

What are the 3 layers of the heart tissue?

Answer 31

Inner- endocardium Middle- myocardium Outer- pericardium

Question 32

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do to heart rate?

Answer 32

Reduces

Question 33

What does the sympathetic nervous system do to heart rate?

Answer 33

Increase

Question 34

Where does deoxygenated blood enter the heart?

Answer 34

Superior and inferior vena cava

Question 35

How does deoxygenated blood leave the heart?

Answer 35

Pulmonary artery

Question 36

Where does oxygenated blood enter the heart?

Answer 36

Pulmonary valve

Question 37

How does oxygenated blood leave the heart?

Answer 37

Aorta

Question 38

Explain the process of blood entering the Right side of the heart and leaving?

Answer 38

-deoxygenated blood enters through vena cavas -fills right atrium -right atrium contracts so tricuspid valve opens -blood starts to fill right ventricle -when ventricle is nearly full, the SA node triggers contraction which closes AV valve -electrical impulse is sent to AV bundle and purjinkie fibres -SL valve opens and ventricle contracts, pushing blood out of pulmonary artery and to the lungs

Question 39

Explain the process of blood entering the left side of the heart and leaving?

Answer 39

Oxygenated blood enters pulmonary valve and fills left atrium Left atrium contracts, bicuspid valve opens Blood starts to fill left ventricle When ventricle is nearly full, SA node triggers contraction so AV valve closes Electrical impulse and to AV bundle and pirjinkie fibres SL valve opens and ventricle contracts to send the blood up and out to the body through the aorta

Question 40

What do barareceptors do?

Answer 40

Detect changes in blood pressure

Question 41

What do chemoreceptors do?

Answer 41

Detect changes in blood CO2 levels

Question 42

When atrioles contract, does blood pressure increase or decrease?

Answer 42

Increase

Question 43

When atrioles dilate, does blood pressure increase or decrease?

Answer 43

Decrease

Question 44

Where is the cardiovascular centre located?

Answer 44

Medulla of brain stem

Question 45

Give 3 examples of hormones that can increase blood pressure

Answer 45

Adrenaline/noradrenaline Antiduretics Aldosterone

Question 46

Give an example of a hormone that decreases blood pressure?

Answer 46

Histamine