GI System

Question 1

What is a balanced diet?

Answer 1

Appropriate amount of all nutrients in correct proportions to meet body requirements

Question 2

What vitamins are water soluble?

Answer 2

Vitamin B and C

Question 3

What % of the body is made of water?

Answer 3

70%

Question 4

What are the main functions of indigestible fibre?

Answer 4

Bulks food
Forms feaces
Promotes peristalsis- movement along bowel and then cleaning of bowel after

Question 5

What is peristalsis?

Answer 5

Wave like contraction and relaxation of muscle layers that moves food through GI system

Question 6

What are the 5 stages of digestion?

Answer 6

Ingestion
Propulsion
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination

Question 7

What are the 2 forms of digestion?

Answer 7

Chemical and mechanical

Question 8

What are the 4 accessory organs in the GI system?

Answer 8

Salivary glands
Pancreas
Liver
Gall bladder

Question 9

What is the basic structure of the GI tract?

Answer 9

Inside Lined with muscosa
Then submission layer
Then muscle layer
Then outer adventita/serosa layer

Question 10

Are the layers of smooth muscle in the GI tract under involuntary or voluntary control?

Answer 10

Involuntary

Question 11

What is the function of the mucosal layer in the GI tract?

Answer 11

Absorption

Question 12

The submucosal layer in the GI tract has capillaries, what does this do?

Answer 12

Diffusion

Question 13

The smooth muscle layers contract and relax during digestion, what is this called?

Answer 13

Peristalsis

Question 15

What are sphincters in the GI system?

Answer 15

Circular muscle valves that help move the food along

Question 16

What are the cells that secrete mucous to protect the stomach lining?

Answer 16

Goblet cells

Question 17

What is the function of villi in the GI system?

Answer 17

Increase surface area for absorption

Question 18

What is the main function of the mouth in the GI system?

Answer 18

Mastication mixed with saliva creates a bolus of food ready to swallow

Question 19

What is the enzyme found in the mouth and what does it break down?

Answer 19

Amalyse breaks down carbohydrates

Question 21

What is the function of the oesophagus in the GI system?

Answer 21

Takes food to the stomach, rings of cartilage in trachea hold tube open so peristalsis can take place

Question 22

What is the main function of the stomach in the GI system?

Answer 22

Churn the food to make it into chyme

Question 23

What is chyme?

Answer 23

Liquidated food

Question 24

What do gastric glands secrete in the stomach?

Answer 24

Gastric juice

Question 25

What does the intrinsic factor in gastric juice help to absorb?

Answer 25

Vitamin B12

Question 26

What enzyme is found in the stomach and what does they start to digest?

Answer 26

Pepsinogens digest proteins

Question 27

What is the site in the GI tract where most of the absorption takes place?

Answer 27

Small intestine

Question 28

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

Answer 28

Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

Question 29

Microvilli contain capillaries for what?

Answer 29

Absorption/diffusion

Question 30

What do lacteal in microvilli do?

Answer 30

Absorb fat soluble nutrients

Question 31

What are enterocytes?

Answer 31

Intensional absorption cells

Question 32

Pancreatic juice is made in the pancreas but where is the duct?

Answer 32

Small intestine

Question 33

What is the Ph of pancreatic juice?

Answer 33

Ph 6-7

Question 34

Where is bile stored and secreted?

Answer 34

Bile is stored in gall bladder Secreted in liver

Question 35

What is the function of bile?

Answer 35

Emulsify fats so they can be easily absorbed

Question 36

What is the main function of the large intestine?

Answer 36

Starts to form feaces and remove water

Question 37

What is the main GI site that water is absorbed?

Answer 37

Large intestine

Question 38

What are the 4 parts of the large intestine?

Answer 38

Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon and sigmoid colon

Question 39

What accessory organ is responsible for the detoxification of drugs?

Answer 39

Liver