Nervous System

Question 1

What are the main components in the central nervous system?

Answer 1

Brain and spinal chord

Question 2

What are the two nervous systems called?

Answer 2

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Question 3

What does the peripheral nervous system devide imto?

Answer 3

Sensory and motor

Question 4

What does the motor peripheral nervous system divide into?

Answer 4

Autonomic (involuntary)
Somatic (voluntary)

Question 6

Motor (autonomic nerves) can divide into 2 branches, what are they?

Answer 6

Sympathetic -emergency
Parasympathetic- house keeping

Question 7

What does CSF stand for?

Answer 7

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 8

What does CSF do?

Answer 8

Supply nutrients to the brain

Question 9

Is CSF acidic or alkaline?

Answer 9

Alkaline

Question 10

What is cranial nerve 5?

Answer 10

Trigeminal

Question 11

What is cranial nerve 7?

Answer 11

Facial nerve

Question 12

What is the medulla in the brain?

Answer 12

Cells associated with autonomic reflex’s which control vital functions

Question 13

What is meninges?

Answer 13

Tissue surrounding brain and spinal chord

Question 14

How long is the spinal chord?

Answer 14

46cm

Question 15

Where does the spinal chord begin?

Answer 15

Skull base, continuous with medulla oblongata

Question 16

What is the largest part of the brain?

Answer 16

Cerebrum

Question 17

What are the 3 areas of the brain?

Answer 17

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain stem

Question 18

What are the 3 areas of the brain stem?

Answer 18

Mid brain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

Question 19

What part of the brain is vital for life?

Answer 19

Brain stem

Question 20

Nerve fibres travelling from central nervous system to peripheral nervous system are called?

Answer 20

Efferent (motor)

Question 21

Nerve fibres travelling from peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system are called?

Answer 21

Afferent (sensory)

Question 22

How many pairs of cranial nerves does the peripheral nervous system have?

Answer 22

12

Question 23

How many pairs of spinal nerves does the peripheral nervous system have?

Answer 23

31

Question 24

What is the connective tissue that protects a neuron?

Answer 24

Neuroglia, glial cells

Question 25

What does a neuron consist of?

Answer 25

Axon, cell body, nucleus, dendrites, terminal boutons

Question 26

What is the function of dendrites?

Answer 26

Conduct nerve impulse towards cell body

Question 27

What is the function of terminal boutons?

Answer 27

Send impulse to effector organ or other neurons

Question 28

What does neuron irritability mean?

Answer 28

It can initiate nerve impulse from a stimulus

Question 29

What does neuron conductivity mean?

Answer 29

Can transmit an impulse

Question 30

What does it mean by neurons being electrically excitable?

Answer 30

Can maintain a different internal environment to its external environment so becomes polarised

Question 31

Explain the sodium and potassium contents inside neuron?

Answer 31

Low sodium, high potassium

Question 32

Explain the sodium and potassium contents outside of neuron?

Answer 32

High sodium, low potassium

Question 33

What does the potential difference mean in regards to neurons?

Answer 33

Difference in electrical charge across cell membrane

Question 34

What does resting membrane potential refer to in regards to neurons?

Answer 34

When the nerve cell is not excited

Question 35

What is the resting potential of a neuron in numbers?

Answer 35

-70mv

Question 36

What is an action potential?

Answer 36

Depolarisation of nerve cell, sodium channels open and sodium fills cell so becomes more positive -55mv. In a depolarised state, voltage rises, can peak at +45mv. Repolarisation occurs, potassium channels open and it fills the cell, making cell more negative again.

Question 37

What is the refractory period for a neuron?

Answer 37

Voltage falls below -70mv (resting potential) so cannot conduct an impulse for a short amount of time

Question 38

What are the 2 ways action potentials move along an axon?

Answer 38

Myelinated and unmyleinted

Question 39

What is the word for myelinated conduction?

Answer 39

Saltatory

Question 40

What is the word for non myelinated condition?

Answer 40

Simple propagation

Question 41

What is faster, myelinated or non myelinated conduction?

Answer 41

Myelinated

Question 42

How does simple propagation work?

Answer 42

Positively charged Sodium ions push adjacent sodium ions along axon by electrostatic repulsion (wave of positivity)

Question 43

How does saltation conduction work?

Answer 43

Leaping between nodes of ranvier

Question 44

What are the gaps between myelin called along axon?

Answer 44

Nodes of ranvier

Question 45

What is myelin made from?

Answer 45

Schwann cells

Question 46

What is a synapse or synaptic cleft?

Answer 46

Space between nerves where they communicate with eachother

Question 47

What are the 2 forms of communication at synapse?

Answer 47

Electrical- jump across Chemical- acetylcholine diffuses across cleft

Question 48

What is faster, electrical synapse or chemical synapse?

Answer 48

Electrical

Question 49

How fast is electrical synapse?

Answer 49

0.2ms

Question 50

How fast is chemical synapse?

Answer 50

2ms