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cardiovascular system Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

vena cava

A

transports deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium

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2
Q

right atrium

A

top chamber of the heart that holds deoxygenated blood

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3
Q

tricuspid valve

A

stops blood flowing back into the right atrium

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4
Q

right ventricle

A

bottom chamber that holds deoxygenated blood

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5
Q

pulmonary semi lunar valve

A

stops the blood flowing back into the right ventricle

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6
Q

pulmonary artery

A

transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

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7
Q

pulmonary vein

A

transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

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8
Q

left atrium

A

top chamber of the heart that holds oxygenated blood

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9
Q

bicuspid valve

A

stops the blood flowing back into the left atrium

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10
Q

left ventricle

A

bottom chamber that holds oxygenated blood

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11
Q

aortic semi lunar valve-

A

stops blood flowing back into the left ventricle

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12
Q

aorta

A

transports oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

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13
Q

septum

A

a wall that separates the left from the right side of the heart

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14
Q

what do the arteries do?

A

carry blood away from the heart to the tissues of the body- have thick muscular walls- have thick elastic walls- contain blood under high pressure-done contain valves

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15
Q

what do the veins do?

A

carry blood towards the heart from the tissues of the body- have thin muscular walls- have thin elastic walls- contain blood under low pressure-contain valves

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16
Q

what are capillaries?

A

very thin walls (one cell thick)- small lumen- link smaller arteries with small veins- allow gaseous exchange

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17
Q

arterioles and venules ?

A

arterioles connect arteries to capillaries- similar to arteries but have thinner walls and can change diameter to control the blood to the capillaries- venules connect capillaries to veins and similar to veins

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18
Q

what’s plasma?

A

liquid part of the blood and acts as a transport system that transports the blood cells, platelets and nutrients to different parts of the body- its 90% water

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19
Q

what are white blood cells?

A

protect body by fighting infections, they remove pathogens such as bacteria or viruses, originate in bone marrow but stored in the blood

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20
Q

what are red blood cells?

A

carry oxygen and carbon dioxide, oxygen binds with haemoglobin in the blood, is then transported to the working muscles by the plasma- rbc are disc shaped to give them large surface area.

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21
Q

what are platelets?

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A

help prevent bleeding by clotting and forming a plug-allow to stop bleeding if get a cut so can continue performing

22
Q

function of cardiovascular system-delivering oxygen and nutrients

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A

they deliver these oxygen and nutrients to the tissues of the body, during exercise the demand for oxygen increases.

23
Q

functions of cardiovascular system-removing waste products

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A

removes waste products such as carbon dioxide and lactic acid- transports waste products to the kidneys and liver, returns carbon dioxide to the lugs

24
Q

functions of cardiovascular system- fight infection

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A

ingests pathogens and destroys them and produces antibodies that destroy pathogens

25
functions of the cardiovascular system-clotting of blood
platelets in the blood gather together at a cut and stick together, they plug the wound and stop bleeding.
26
functions of the cardiovascular system-thermoregulation
cvs is responsible for the distribution of heat within your body- this maintains body temperature and ensures you don't over heat. cvs uses vasodilation and vasoconstriction to themoregulate.
27
what's vasoconstriction?
narrows the diameter of the blood vessels near the skin- this reduces the blood flow resulting in an increase in temperature as heat loss is prevented
28
what's vasodilation?
widens the diameter of the blood vessels near the skin- this increases the blood flow resulting in a decrease in temperature as heat is carried to the skin surface.
29
nervous control-sinoatrial node (SAN)
called hearts pacemaker- the SAN sends a impulse to the right atrium causing the muscular walls to contract- the contraction forces blood from the atrium down into the ventricles
30
nervous control-atrioventricular node (AVN)
acts as a buffer that slows down the signal from the SAN (otherwise atria and ventricles would contract at the same time) this allows ventricles to fill with blood before contraction
31
nervous control-bundle of his and purkinje fibres
a specialist muscle cell that transports the impulses from the AVN- found in walls of the ventricles- the impulses travel down the bundle of his to the purkinje fibres that allow the ventricles to contract causing the blood to be pushed out of the heart.
32
responses-anticipatory rise in heart rate
heart rate increase prior to a sport match due to adrenaline- preparing body for increased demands that are about to be put in body.
33
responses-increased heart rate
increases due to rise in carbon dioxide picked up by chemoreceptors- this is needed due to increase in demand for oxygen
34
increased heart rate equation?
cardiac output= stroke volume x heart rate
35
what's stroke volume?
amount of blood ejected from the heart per beat
36
what's heart rate?
how many times the heart beats per minute
37
what's cardiac output?
amount of blood pumped from the heart in one minute
38
responses-increased blood pressure
increases during exercise as more blood is pumped through blood vessels blood pressure= the pressure of the blood against the walls of your arteries
39
responses-redirection of blood flow
blood is directed where needed most, when exercising blood is needed for the working muscles, the blood vessels will vasodilation to allow this extra blood flow
40
adaptions- cardiac hypertrophy
walls of heart get thicker, this increases the strength of its adaptions
41
adaptions-increase in resting and working stroke volume
because of cardiac hypertrophy the heart can pump more blood per beat, more blood means more oxygen can be transported to the working muscles during exercise
42
adaptions-decrease in resting heart rate
because heart is bigger and can pump more blood per beat heart doesn't need to work as hard which results in reduced resting heart rate
43
adaptions- reduction in blood pressure
training reduces blood pressure, this reduces risk of disease and stroke, exercise keeps blood vessels healthy
44
adaptions- reduction in heart rate and recovery time
because heart is bigger it cannot only pump blood at a increased rate during exercise it does this after exercise which decreases recovery time, removing waste products at a faster rate
45
adaptions- capillarisation of skeletal muscle and alveoli
exercise increases capillarisation both around muscle and alveoli- this means more oxygen and nutrients can be diffused into the blood from the alveoli and into the muscles
46
adaptions- increase in blood volume
training increases blood volume this is mainly due to capillarisation through training - this allows more oxygen and nutrients to be delivered around the body- can also regulate temperature more efficiently
47
sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (SADS)
heart condition that causes sudden death- causes by irregular heart beat
48
high and low blood pressure
the pressure blood exerts on the arteries, high bp can be a risk factor for heart disease and stroke, low bp can be dangerous-symptoms include dizziness, light headed and nausea and fainting -high bp=hypertension -low bp=hypotension
49
hypothermia
a drop in core body temperature below 35.c -can occur when exposed to cold for long period of time
50
hyperthermia
a increase in core body temp -can lead to heat cramps, heat exhaustion or heat stroke - usually lose heat through thermoregulation but body may find difficult in hot conditions - drinking water before during and after exercise is reccomened in warm conditions
51
Sympathetic nervous system
prepares body for instense physical activity and often reffered to as the fight or flight response
52
Parasympathetic nervous system
relaxes body- rest and digest response

skeletal system (5 decks)

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