Cardiovascular system Flashcards
(28 cards)
what type of blood do pulmonary arteries carry
deoxygenated blood to lungs
what type of blood does the aorta carry
oxygenated blood to the body
what type of blood do pulmonary veins carry
oxygenated blood to the heart
what type of blood do venae cavae carry
deoxygenated blood to the heart
what provides blood to heart muscle
coronary arteries and veins
what is the pacemaker of the heart
SA node
Electrical conduction pathway of the heart
SA node - AV node - Bundle of HIS - purkinje fibres
what does P wave represent
Atrial depolarization
what does QRS complex represent
Ventricular depolarization
What does T wave represent
Ventricular repolarization
3 principles of cardiac cycle
blood flows from high to low pressure; contraction increases pressure; pressure reverses closes valves
3 layers of vessel walls
Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa
which layer contains smooth muscle
Tunica media
Which vessel is more elastic
Vena cava
what binds oxygen in RBCs + what is oxyhemoglobin
Haemoglobin
Hb bound to oxygen
what is deoxyhemoglobin
Hb after releasing oxygen
function of neutrophils
Bacteria killers
Function of eosinophils, basophils, agranulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes + natural killer cells
eosinophils: target parasitic worms
basophils: release histamine for vasodilation
agranulocytes: WBCs without visible granules
monocytes: phagocytosis, active lymphocytes
lymphocytes: adaptive immunity
natural killer cells: Kill cells lacking MHC-I
what are platelets
cytoplasmic fragments from megakaryocytes
3 phases of haemostasis
vascular spasm, platelet plug, coagulation
final steps of coagulation
prothrombin, thrombin, fibrinogen, fibrin
what happens in clot retraction
platelets contract, pulling clot together
ABO group antigens
A, B, AB, O
What antibodies does type A have
Anti-B
