Reproductive system Flashcards
(31 cards)
what is the aim of the reproductive system
to ensure that viable and healthy offspring are created
where is sperm produced
in the seminiferous tubules of the testes
what cells support and protect sperm during development
sertoli cells
what hormone do leydig cells produce
testolsterone
what is the main role of the epididymis
maturation and storage of spem
what is the vas deferens
a muscular tube transporting sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct
why are the testes located in the scrotum
to maintain a temperature approx 3 degrees below core body temperature for spermatogenesis
what do seminal glands produce
Alkaline fluid
what defines females biologically
presence of ovaries
where does fertilisation typically occur
fallopian tubes
what is the role of the uterus
implantation and development of embryo/fetus
what are the layers of the uterus
endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium
what protects against vaginal pathogens
acidic vaginal secretions
what is the perineum
area supporting urogenital and GI systems
what is the dominant hormone pre-ovulation
Estrogen
what triggers ovulation
LH surge (stimulated by high estrogen levels)
what happens to progesterone and estrogen levels before menstruation
they fall, leading to menstruation
main effects of estrogen
sexual development, endometrial growth, breast development, anabolic effects
main effects of progesterone
uterine relaxation, breast development, maintenance of pregnancy
what happens in days 1-5 of menstrual cycle
menstrual bleeding, endometrial shedding
what happens in days 6-14 of menstrual cycle
proliferative phase, endometrium regenerates under estrogen
what happens in days 15-28 of menstrual cycle
secretory phase; endometrium prepares for implantation under progesterone
what happens in stage 1 of labour
cervical dilation and effacement
what happens in stage 2 of labour
expulsion of baby
