Cardiovascular System Flashcards by Sammi S

What are the four parts of the heart?

Left/Right Atria

Left/Right Ventricles

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What brings blood into the right atrium?

Vena cavas

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Brings blood into right atrium from head, neck, and upper extremities

Superior Vena Cava

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Brings blood into the right atrium from lower extremities

Inferior Vena Cava

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Valve between right atrium and right ventricle

Tricuspid valve

Right atrioventricular valve

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Valve between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Pulmonary (semilunar) valve

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What brings blood into the left atrium?

Pulmonary veins

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Valve between left atrium and left ventricle

Bicuspid valve

Left atrioventricular valve

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Valve between left ventricle and aorta

Aortic (semilunar) valve

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Superficial layer of the heart

Mostly connective tissue

Epicardium

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Muscle layer of the heart

Myocardium

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Inner layer of the heart

In contact with the blood

Endocardium

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Inflammation of the endocardium

Endocarditis

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What gets damaged with endocarditis?

Heart valves

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What occurs after strep throat if it is not treated?

Rheumatic fever

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Cause of strep throat

Streptococcus pyogens

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Process of gas exchange in the blood vessels

Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins

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Process of blood flow in the heart

Vena cavas
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary arteries
Lungs (alveoli/gas exchange)
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Bicuspid valve
Left ventricle
Aortic valve
Aorta

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Where does gas and nutrient exchange occur in blood vessels?

Capillaries

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Carries lymph

Collected extra fluid

Lymphatic vessels

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Immune Function

Contain white blood cells

Lymph nodes

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Mostly water
Contains proteins, ions, electrolytes, glucose
Liquid part

Plasma

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What are the formed elements of blood?

White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platlets

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What are the parts of blood?

Plasma

Formed elements

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Also called leukocytes that fight off infection bc they recognize invaders

White blood cells

Contain hemoglobin | Transport oxygen around the body

Red blood cells

Another name for red blood cells?

Erythrocytes

What clots the blood?

Platlets

What is normal blood pressure?

120/80

Pressure on walls of large arteries during contraction of heart ventricles

Systolic Blood Pressure (systole)

Pressure reached in between contractions of ventricles in large arteries Just before ventricular systole

Diastolic Blood Pressure (diastole)

High blood pressure is also called

Hypertension

What is considered high blood pressure?

Greater than 140/90

What is blood pressure measured in?

mmHg (milligrams of mercury)

What is the range for pre-hypertension?

Between 120/80 and 140/90

What are the long term causes of high blood pressure?

``` Heart has to work harder Enlarged heart Kidney damage Retinal damage Plaque in arteries (causes heart attack or stroke) ```

Another name for enlarged heart

Cardiomegaly

What is bad with an enlarged heart?

The bigger it gets, the thicker the walls get.. leaving less space for blood inside

Buildup of plaques inside arteries

Atherosclerosis

Fatty accumulations

Plaques

What are plaques called?

Atheromas

Narrowing

Stenosis

Narrowing of aorta

Aortostenosis

When does a stenosis of an artery happen?

When plaque builds up inside them

Hardening of arteries | Decrease in flexibility

Arteriosclerosis

What is arteriosclerosis due to?

Plaque accumulation and hyper tension

What is made up of cell membranes?

Cholesterol

What do you want your total cholesterol to be?

Less than 200mg/dl

What is the good cholesterol?

High density lipoprotein (HDL)

Desired HDL level

Greater than 60mg/dl

What is the bad cholesterol?

Low density lipoprotein (LDL)

Desired LDL level

Less than 100mg/dl

Too high of LDL =

Atherosclerosis

Blocks enzyme in liver | Decrease risk of plaque accumulation

Statins

Where does cholesterol mainly come from?

Liver

What determines your cholesterol level?

Genetics Lifestyle Smoking

How does one get an increased LDL level?

Sedentary lifestyle Diet high in saturated/trans fat High carbs (more than high fat)

Desired level of triglycerides

Less than 150mg/dl

Medical term for heart attack

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

What is a heart attack?

Blockage of a coronary artery that leads to part of the heart dying

Where do heart attacks typically occur?

In the arteries that supply the heart with oxygen

Low oxygen levels | Person cannot feel this

Ischemia

What does a heart attack cause?

Ischemia in the heart tissue

What is pain felt due to ischemia in the heart tissue?

Angina

A blockage in an artery that supplies the brain with oxygen that leads to death of some brain cells

Stroke

Medical term for stroke

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Clot blocking an artery | Most common type of stroke (80%)

Thrombotic stroke

Artery in brain ruptures

Hemorrhagic stroke

Ballooning out of an artery can happen anywhere

Aneurysm

What happens during an aneurysm?

Artery rupturing and allowing blood to leave the vessel, leading to a decrease in oxygen to brain

What destroys blood clots via dissolving?

Thrombolytic drugs

tPA

Tissue plasminogen activator

Purpose of tPA?

Using an IV to activate plasminogen in body to dissolve clots Use body's own defense system

A catheter being fed into a blood vessel in thigh and up to heart to remove a blockage

Balloon Angioplasty

How does a balloon angioplasty work?

Inflate balloon and smash plaque against the artery to insert a caged stent

Removal of plaque material from artery usually in common carotid artery Decreases chance of fat getting loose

Endarterectomy

Harvest another artery form other place in body to get past the blockage

Coronary bypass surgery

CABG

Coronary artery bypass graft

Inflammation of vein

Phebitis

Dilated veins due to valve damage

Varicose veins

Why do people get varicose veins?

Blood pools in the feet/legs/ankles bc the valves in the veins don't fight against gravity anymore

EKG/ECG

Electrocardiogram

Graph of electrical activity in the heart

Abnormal heart rhythm

Arrhythmia

Abnormal heart sounds | Issues with valves

Murmur

AAA Meaning

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

What is AAA?

Ballooning of abdominal aorta | Will bleed out in seconds if ruptured

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

(87 cards)