Musculoskeletal System & Special Senses

Question 1

Transsphenoidal Hypophysectomy

Answer 1

Surgical removal of (part) of the pituitary gland through the sphenoid bone (nose area)

Question 2

Axial Skeleton

Answer 2

Skull/trunk area

Question 3

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 3

Connect to extremities (limbs)

Question 4

How many bones are in an adult human body?

Answer 4

206

Question 5

Another word for joint

Answer 5

Articulation

Question 6

Cartilage

Answer 6

Protect bone surface

Question 7

Types of cartilage (3)

Answer 7

Articular
Menisci
Bursa

Question 8

Ligaments

Answer 8

Connect bone to bone

Question 9

What are the functions of the skeletal system? (4)

Answer 9

Framework for muscle and organ attachment
Aid in support of body weight and movement
Hematopoiesis
Mineral storage (calcium)

Question 10

Hematopoiesis

Answer 10

Formation of blood cells

Question 11

What aids in mineral storage in bones?

Answer 11

Osteoclasts

Osteoblasts

Question 12

Osteoclasts

Answer 12

Break down bone by it being dissolved

Question 13

What dissolves the bones for mineral storage?

Answer 13

Parathyroid hormone

Question 14

Osteoblasts

Answer 14

Build bone

Question 15

What helps build bone?

Answer 15

Calcitonin

Question 16

What do the stressors on body result in?

Answer 16

Bones being a “living tissue” because they are constantly being remodeled

Question 17

Epiphysis

Answer 17

End of bone

Question 18

Diaphysis

Answer 18

Shaft of bone

Question 19

Epiphyseal Plate

Answer 19

Growth plate in bones

Question 20

Red Bone Marrow

Answer 20

Formed in bones

Question 21

Hematopoietic

Answer 21

Blood forming

Question 22

Yellow Bone Marrow

Answer 22

Fat storage

Question 23

What are muscle cells capable of?

Answer 23

Shortening/contracting

Question 24

Tendons

Answer 24

Attach muscle to bone

Question 25

What do tendons allow for?

Answer 25

Movement at a joint

Question 26

What are the types of muscle tissue? (3)

Answer 26

Skeletal Smooth Cardiac

Question 27

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 27

Striated and voluntary

Question 28

Smooth Muscle

Answer 28

Unstriated and involuntary

Question 29

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 29

Heart muscles

Question 30

Combining Form for Bone

Answer 30

Osteo

Question 31

Osteomalacia

Answer 31

Softening of bone (decreased vitamin D and/or calcium)

Question 32

Combining Form for Muscle

Answer 32

Myo

Question 33

Myodynia

Answer 33

Muscle pain

Question 34

Myalgia

Answer 34

Muscle pain

Question 35

Fibromyalgia

Answer 35

Chronic, widespread muscle pain

Question 36

Combining Form for Smooth Muscle

Answer 36

Leiomyo

Question 37

Combining Form for Skeletal Muscle

Answer 37

Rhabdomyo

Question 38

Combining Form for Cartilage

Answer 38

Chondro

Question 39

Costochondritis

Answer 39

Inflammation of rib cartilage

Question 40

Combining Form for Joint

Answer 40

Arthro

Question 41

Arthritis

Answer 41

Inflammation of a joint(s)

Question 42

Combining Forms for Vertebra (2)

Answer 42

Spondylo | Vertebro

Question 43

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Answer 43

Inflammation of vertebra | Causes fusion

Question 44

Combining Form for Bone Marrow/Spinal Cord

Answer 44

Myelo

Question 45

Multiple Myeloma

Answer 45

A cancer of certain white blood cells (plasma cells)

Question 46

3 Common Types of Arthritis

Answer 46

Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis Gout

Question 47

Osteoarthritis

Answer 47

Cartilage between bones starts degenerating

Question 48

What is the most common type of arthritis?

Answer 48

Osteoarthritis in older individuals | Possibly caused by a previous injury

Question 49

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 49

Autoimmune | Cartilage is attacked by the body

Question 50

Gout

Answer 50

Uric acid deposition

Question 51

Where is gout most common? (2)

Answer 51

Knuckles and big toes

Question 52

Osteoporosis (4)

Answer 52

Decrease in density of bones Thinning/weakened bones Decreased joint space Compression fractures

Question 53

When is osteoporosis common in females?

Answer 53

After menopause

Question 54

When can prevention for osteoporosis occur?

Answer 54

Ages 1-20 by consuming enough vitamin D and calcium and doing weight bearing exercises

Question 55

Arthroscopy

Answer 55

Using an arthroscope to take a look inside and repair a joint

Question 56

Arthroplasty

Answer 56

Surgical repair (usually replacement) of a joint

Question 57

What are the special senses? (5)

Answer 57

``` Gustation Olfaction Vision Equilibrium Audition ```

Question 58

Gustation

Answer 58

Taste

Question 59

Olfaction

Answer 59

Smell

Question 60

Vision

Answer 60

Sight

Question 61

Equilibrium

Answer 61

Balance

Question 62

Audition

Answer 62

Hearing

Question 63

Rods

Answer 63

Low light | Black and white

Question 64

Cones

Answer 64

Color | High light?

Question 65

Optic Chiasm

Answer 65

The crossover of eye optic nerves

Question 66

What can a pituitary tumor lead to?

Answer 66

Someone losing their peripheral vision because it impacts that nerve on the side of the eyeball

Question 67

Combining Form for Eyelids

Answer 67

Blepharo

Question 68

Blepharospasm

Answer 68

Involuntary contraction of eyelid | "Eye twitching"

Question 69

Combining Form for Conjunctiva

Answer 69

Conjunctivo

Question 70

Conjunctiva

Answer 70

Thin covering over sclera in eye

Question 71

Conjunctivitis

Answer 71

Pink eye | Inflammation of conjunctiva

Question 72

Combining Form for Pupil

Answer 72

Pupillio

Question 73

Anisocoria

Answer 73

Pupillary inequality that may be congenital or due to brain damage

Question 74

Combining Form for Two

Answer 74

Diplo

Question 75

Diplopia

Answer 75

Double Vision

Question 76

Combining Forms for Eye (2)

Answer 76

Oculo | Ophthalmo

Question 77

Intraocular

Answer 77

Within the eye

Question 78

Ophthalmologist

Answer 78

Eye doctor

Question 79

Ophthalmoscope

Answer 79

Instrument for observing the retina and other intraocular structures

Question 80

Lacrimation

Answer 80

Tear production

Question 81

Myopia

Answer 81

Near-sightedness

Question 82

Near-sightedness

Answer 82

Image is focused before it reaches the retina | Can see things close up but not far away

Question 83

Hyperopia

Answer 83

Far-sightedness

Question 84

Far-sightedness

Answer 84

Focused after the retina | Can see things far away but not close-up

Question 85

Cataract

Answer 85

Clouding of the lens

Question 86

Glaucoma

Answer 86

Increased intraocular pressure in the anterior eye cavity due to buildup of the aqueous humor

Question 87

Macular Degeneration

Answer 87

Breakdown of the macula resulting in central vision loss

Question 88

Macula

Answer 88

Location with the most cones in the eye

Question 89

Combining Form for Ear

Answer 89

Oto

Question 90

Otorrhea

Answer 90

Discharge from the ear (swimmer's ear)

Question 91

Otitis Media

Answer 91

Inflammation of middle ear | "Ear infection"

Question 92

Otoscope

Answer 92

Instrument used to look inside ears

Question 93

Otalgia

Answer 93

Pain in the ear

Question 94

Otodynia

Answer 94

Pain in the ear

Question 95

Combining Form for Salpingo

Answer 95

Eustachian tubes (also uterine tubes)

Question 96

Salpingitis

Answer 96

Inflammation of the auditory tubes

Question 97

Presbycusis

Answer 97

Hearing impairment associated with age

Question 98

Conductive Hearing Loss

Answer 98

Issues with middle ear bones | Sounds not conducted to the cochlea well

Question 99

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Answer 99

Cells in cochlea | Damaged due to loud sounds

Question 100

Tinnitus

Answer 100

Ringing in the ears

Question 101

Vertigo

Answer 101

Sensation of movement or spinning | Due to damage or infection of inner ear

Question 102

Combining Forms for Tympanic Membrane (2)

Answer 102

Myringo | Tympano

Question 103

Myringotomy

Answer 103

Incision into eardrum with tube placement to equalize air pressure and prevent infections

Question 104

PE Tubes

Answer 104

Pressure equalizing tubes