Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What do the arteries do

Answer 1

Deliver oxygenated blood from the heart to body tissues

Question 2

What is the aorta

Answer 2

The largest artery in the body

Question 3

Where does the pulmonary artery begin

Answer 3

At the base of the right ventricle

Question 4

What does the pulmonary artery do

Answer 4

Carry oxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

Question 5

What do the pulmonary veins do

Answer 5

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium

Question 6

What valve is part of the left atrium

Answer 6

Bicuspid valve

Question 7

What happens at the left atrium

Answer 7

After blood enters the left atrium it is then pumped into the left ventricle (oxygenated)

Question 8

What is another name for the bicuspid valve

Answer 8

The mitral valve

Question 9

Where is the mitral valve

Answer 9

Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

Question 10

What does the mitral valve do

Answer 10

Allows the flow of blood in one direction (prevents back flow)

Question 11

What is the left ventricle responsible for

Answer 11

Pumping oxygenated blood to tissues all over the body

Question 12

Where are the purkinje fibres located

Answer 12

In the inner ventricular walls of the heart, just beneath the endocardium

Question 13

What are the purkinje fibres essential for

Answer 13

Maintaining a consistent heart rhythm

Question 14

What does the septum do

Answer 14

Separate the left and right side of the heart

Question 15

What does the inferior vena cava do

Answer 15

Carry deoxygenated blood from the lower and middle body into the right atrium of the heart

Question 16

What happens at the right atrium

Answer 16

It receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium via the tricuspid valve and pumps into the pulmonary artery

Question 17

What valve is part of the right atrium

Answer 17

Tricuspid valve

Question 18

What is the job of the tricuspid valve

Answer 18

Prevent black flow

Question 19

What is the job of the right atrium

Answer 19

Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium through the inferior and superior vena cava

Question 20

Where is the atrioventricular node

Answer 20

Lies at the lower back of the septum near the opening of the coronary sinus

Question 21

What is the atrioventricular node

Answer 21

Part of the electrical conduction system of the heart that electrically connects the left ventricle and the right atrium

Question 22

What is the sinoatrial node

Answer 22

The hearts natural pacemaker

Question 23

What does the sinoatrial node consist of

Answer 23

A cluster of cells that are situated in the upper part of the wall of the right atrium

Question 24

What is the function of the superior vena cava

Answer 24

Returns deoxygenated blood to the heart

Question 25

What are the functions of blood

Answer 25

- transport - temperature regulation - preventing infection - blood clotting - exchange of materials in body tissues

Question 26

What do lipoproteins carry

Answer 26

Substances that don’t dissolve in water such as fats

Question 27

High density lipoproteins (HDL)

Answer 27

- good | - prevent or reverse deposists

Question 28

Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)

Answer 28

- bad | - deposits fat and cholesterol in walls of artery

Question 29

What cells are leukocytes

Answer 29

White blood cells

Question 30

What are white blood cells involved in

Answer 30

The immune response

Question 31

The immune response

Answer 31

- pathogens enter the body - recognised as threats - act as antigens (antibodies) - lock onto certain chemicals of pathogen - immobilises the pathogen - make targets fo monocytes that attack - special lymphocytes remember pathogen and attack again in repeated attack

Question 32

How much blood does a woman have on average in her body

Answer 32

4-5 litres

Question 33

How much blood does a man have on average in his body

Answer 33

5-6 litres

Question 34

How much blood do you have to loose before you die

Answer 34

2 litres

Question 35

What is the problem for someone with haemophilia

Answer 35

Have longer clotting times

Question 36

What does the SA node pass a wave of electrical current through to make them contract

Answer 36

The atria

Question 37

What does the AV node allow

Answer 37

The current to pass through

Question 38

What allows the bottom of the heart to contract

Answer 38

Purkinje fibres carrying a current

Question 39

Arteries

Answer 39

- carry oxygenated blood away (except the pulmonary artery) - as blood enters, they recoil, to help maintain flow of blood - arteries branch into smaller arteries and eventually into arterioles, which lead to capillary beds in the tissues

Question 40

Capillaries are microscopic, how many cells thick are they

Answer 40

1

Question 41

What do capillaries supply

Answer 41

Oxygen and nutrients

Question 42

What do capillaries remove

Answer 42

Waste products

Question 43

What blood do veins carry

Answer 43

Deoxygenated

Question 44

What do blockages in veins cause

Answer 44

Varicose veins

Question 45

How much of fluid drains into the lymphatic system

Answer 45

10%

Question 46

Where does the fluid drain

Answer 46

- into lymph capillaries - lead into lymph vessels - lymph vessels are similar to veins

Question 47

Is the lymph system one way or two way

Answer 47

One way

Question 48

Where do the lymph vessels join the circulatory system

Answer 48

At the top of the chest

Question 49

Lymph drains into the main veins leading from the arms to the superior vena cava. What does this maintain

Answer 49

The correct volume

Question 50

Other purposes of the lymph nodes

Answer 50

Store and develop lymphocytes that screen the returning tissue fluid or lymph for pathogens and destroy any that are found

Question 51

What is hypertension

Answer 51

Abnormally high blood pressure

Question 52

What can persistent high blood pressure increase the likelihood of

Answer 52

- heart disease - heart attacks - strokes - heart failure - peripheral arterial disease - aortic aneurysms - kidney disease - vascular dementia

Question 53

What is hypertension caused by

Answer 53

- old age - being overweight - being of African or Caribbean descent - family history - bad diet - no exercise - drinking too much - smoking - lack of sleep

Question 54

How can you reduce high blood pressure

Answer 54

- reduce salt in your diet - cut back on alcohol - loose weight - regularly exercise - cut down of caffeine - stop smoking - get at least 6 hours of sleep every night