Respiratory System

Question 1

Our respiratory system takes in air containing oxygen, what is this needed by

Answer 1

All cells and body tissues

Question 2

What does our respiratory system enable

Answer 2

The removal of carbon dioxide

Question 3

The lungs consist of millions of tiny elasticated cavities called…

Answer 3

Alveoli

Question 4

What are the alveoli surrounded by and are the site of oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide removal

Answer 4

Capillaries

Question 5

What tube leads from the throat

Answer 5

The trachea / windpipe

Question 6

What is the flap that protects the trachea and prevents food particles passing through

Answer 6

The epiglottis

Question 7

When should the epiglottis close

Answer 7

Whenever we swallow

Question 8

What is the enlarged area at the top of the trachea that contains muscles and ligaments

Answer 8

The larynx

Question 9

What is our larynx

Answer 9

Vocal cords

Question 10

What tubes does the trachea branch into (two large tubes)

Answer 10

The bronchii

Question 11

Where does each bronchus lead in to

Answer 11

One of our lungs

Question 12

What is between each bronchii and the alveoli (thousands of smaller branching tubes

Answer 12

Brochioles

Question 13

What are the trachea, bronchii and larger bronchioles kept open by

Answer 13

Incomplete rings of cartilage

Question 14

The tubes have muscles in their walls that allow them to what

Answer 14

Widen (dilate) or narrow (constrict)

-they vary the amount of air that enters or leaves the lungs

Question 15

Glandular linings of the tubes…

Answer 15

Produce and release mucus that traps dirt particles and bacteria breathed in

Question 16

What do the cilia do

Answer 16

Move trapped particles back up to the throat where we swallow them

Question 17

What is the cavity that the lungs are in

Answer 17

The thorax

Question 18

Where are the intercostal muscles

Answer 18

Along the side and at the top of the ribcage

Question 19

How are the lungs separated from the digestive system

Answer 19

A domed sheet of muscles - the diaphragm

Question 20

Around each lung is a double set of coverings, what are these called

Answer 20

The pleural membranes

Question 21

What fills the narrow space between the pleural membranes

Answer 21

Pleural fluid

Question 22

What does the pleural fluid do

Answer 22

Causes the membranes to stick together

Question 23

Where are the pleural membranes attached

Answer 23

1. The lung directly

2. The rib cage and the diaphragm

Question 24

What refers to the movement of air in and out of the lungs

Answer 24

Breathing

Question 25

What is breathing in known as

Answer 25

Inspiration

Question 26

What is breathing out known as

Answer 26

Expiration

Question 27

What do we not use that most air consists of

Answer 27

Nitrogen

Question 28

What particle passes harmlessly in and out of our lungs

Answer 28

Nitrogen

Question 29

What does the brain do to draw air in and out of the lungs

Answer 29

Sends nerve messages to the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm

Question 30

What happens because of the ribcage being hinged to the spine

Answer 30

The contraction of intercostal muscles causes the ribcage to swing up and out

Question 31

What happens as a result movement (due to the pleural membranes attaching the lungs to the ribcage and diaphragm)

Answer 31

The lungs are stretched which opens up the alveoli and the internal volume of the lungs so the pressure of the air in the lungs decreases below that of the atmosphere and so air rushes into the lungs, inflating the alveoli -INSPIRATION

Question 32

What happens to carry out expiration

Answer 32

The brain stops sending nerve messages to the ribs and diaphragm and so they stop contracting

Question 33

When the diaphragm recoils upwards into its domed position and gravity causes the ribcage to move, what is this movement

Answer 33

The ribcage drops back and downwards

Question 34

What happens to the volume of the air after the ribcage drops

Answer 34

It decreases

Question 35

What are crucial to the lungs inflating and deflating as well as preventing friction as the lungs move

Answer 35

Pleural membranes

Question 36

What happens if the space between the pleural membranes is punctured

Answer 36

The lung on that side will not inflate

Question 37

What is the site of gaseous exchange

Answer 37

The alveoli

Question 38

Oxygen enters the blood, but what is removed from it

Answer 38

Carbon dioxide

Question 39

The alveoli have adaptations - what does having a large surface area mean for them

Answer 39

A large amount of gaseous exchange can happen

Question 40

The alveoli have adaptations - what does having thin walls do for them

Answer 40

There is a minimal distance for gases to pass through

Question 41

The alveoli have adaptations - what does being coated with a thin layer of water do for them

Answer 41

It allows oxygen to dissolve before travelling thorough the walls of the alveoli

Question 42

Oxygen diffuses into the blood and combines with the haemoglobin in the erythrocytes, what does this form

Answer 42

Oxyhaemoglobin

Question 43

Carbon dioxide in the blood diffuses in what direction compared to the oxyhaemoglobin

Answer 43

The opposite direction

Question 44

Why does carbon dioxide diffuse in the opposite direction

Answer 44

There are higher levels of this gas in the blood than there is in the alveoli

Question 45

Does inhaled or exhaled air have a higher level of carbon dioxide

Answer 45

Exhaled air

Question 46

Asthma

Answer 46

- bronchii of the lungs become inflamed - increase of production of mucus - individual wheezes, has shortness of breath, has tight chest - severe attacks reduce amount of air reaching the lungs - factors affecting=cigarette smoke, atmosphere pollution, cold air, dust, animal fur, pollen, exercise, stress and laughter