Digestive System Flashcards

(52 cards)

1
Q

What is our buccal cavity

A

Our mouth (oral cavity)

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2
Q

What do we use to make our food small enough to swallow

A

Our jaws

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3
Q

Where are the salivary glands loacted

A

Under the tongue and in the cheeks

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4
Q

What is the point of saliva

A

Helps moisten food and make it easier to swallow

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5
Q

The food slides past the epiglottis and enters what

A

The oesophagus or gullet

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6
Q

What is the process of food being squeezed by the muscles in the oesophagus

A

Peristalsis

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7
Q

What is the stomach

A

A muscular sack that churns our food around and starts to chemically alter the protein in our diet

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8
Q

After leaving the stomach, where does food (chyme) go next

A

The small intestine

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9
Q

What is the first part of the small intestine called

A

Duodenum

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10
Q

What happens in the duodenum

A

There is further chemical alteration that takes place aided by fluids provided by the liver and pancreas

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11
Q

What makes bile

A

The liver

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12
Q

What stores bile

A

The gallbladder

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13
Q

How does bile leave the gallbladder to get to the gut

A

Down the bile duct

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14
Q

What does the pancreatic duct carry

A

A fluid containing digestive enzymes and alkaline salts

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15
Q

Where do the altered nutrients leaving the duodenum go to

A

The ileum

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16
Q

What is the ileum covered in

A

Villi

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17
Q

What are villi

A

Finger-like projections containing blood vessels, like a thick carpet

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18
Q

What picks up nutrients after the ileum

A

The blood

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19
Q

Where does the substances that are unable to break down kept

A

The gut

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20
Q

Where do the substances that cannot break down chemically move to

A

The large intestine or colon (where much of the water is taken back into the blood)

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21
Q

What lives in the colon

A

Trillions of mostly beneficial bacteria

22
Q

What does the bacteria in the colon feed off

A

Undigested food

23
Q

What does the bacteria in the colon provide us with

A

Vital vitamins such as folic acid and vitamin K

24
Q

Where does the dried out remains of our food and dead bacter that forms faeces get stored

25
What is the rectum
A muscular tube that eventually expels the waste from the anus
26
What are the specialised proteins that chemically change nutrients into smaller, soluble units
Enzymes
27
Where does the most important form of mechanical digestion take place
The stomach
28
Muscles in the wall of the stomach churn our food around, what does this do
Makes it smaller
29
What does pulverised food provide our digestive enzymes with
Much easier access to nutrients
30
What are the three large chemical nutrients that are too big to pass through the wall of our gut into the blood and then be carried by it
Proteins, carbohydrates and fats
31
What carries out the action that turns large molecules into smaller ones for them to be digested
Enzymes
32
How do enzymes work
Breaking chemical bonds
33
An enzyme found in saliva (salivary amylase) breaks down starch into what
Maltose
34
An enzyme found in the stomach (pepsin) works in acidic conditions and breaks down proteins into what
Poypeptidess
35
Acidity in the stomach mean that chyme has a low pH and and this will prevent what
Any further chemical digestion due to other enzymes being denatured
36
Where does chyme enter when it becomes neutralised
The duodenum
37
What makes the gut contents slightly alkaline
Alkaline salts
38
What supplies the gut with alkaline salts
Bile from the liver and the pancreatic juice from the pancreas
39
The pancreas and the walls of the duodenum also supply further digestive enzymes that bring about the necessary changes to what
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats as well as to the DNA that makes up the genes and chromosomes found in the cells of the food we eat
40
What is a problem for successful chemical digestion
The presence of water in the gut
41
Why is water in the gut a problem
Fats and water don’t mix
42
When does the gallbladder release bile
When fats are eaten
43
What do villi of the ileum wall increase so that as many nutrients as possible are absorbed
Surface area
44
What does each villus contain
Blood capillaries and a lacteal - which is connected to the lymph system
45
sugars, amino acids, minerals and water soluble vitamins (B and C) enter the blood by what
Diffusion
46
Fatty acids and glycerol recombine as fats once absorbed by what
The villus, and they pass into the lacteal together with fat-soluble vitamins
47
When the products of digestion enter the blood they are not taken off around via the heart, how does it travel instead
Along the hepatic portal vein (that carries them to the liver)
48
How many functions does the liver carry out
Over 500
49
What is one of he functions of the liver
Act as a storage/distribution centre
50
The liver stores excess glucose as a carbohydrate called
Glycogen
51
The liver distributes the nutrients to where
Cells (when they’re required)
52
The role of the liver in sorting, utilising and distributing necessary metabolic chemicals is known as what
Assimilation