Cardiovascular System and Body Fluid Compartments

Question 1

Explain the cardiac cycle and how blood moves around the body

Answer 1

Cardiac cycle is the alternating contraction and relaxation of the hears chambers. This is made up of systole = contraction and diastole = relaxation.

Question 2

The three main body fluid compartments and the relative volumes

Answer 2

Intravascular (20%)
Intracellular (60%)
Extracellular (20%)

Question 3

How does volume distribution differ in infants and children

Answer 3

Infants have a higher percentage of extracellular water

Question 4

Define the terms “osmosis” and “diffusion”

Answer 4

Osmosis - Movement of water from a low concentration of solute to a high concentration across a semi-permeable membrane

Diffusion - Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of
high concentration
to an area of
lower concentration

Question 5

Explain how water and electrolytes move between fluid compartments.

Answer 5

Fluid compartments are separated by selectively permeable membranes, which allow some things, such as water, to move through while other substances require special transport proteins, channels, and often energy.

Question 6

what is the role of plasma proteins in maintaining blood osmotic pressure

Answer 6

They do this through a process called osmoregulation.

Plasma proteins exert osmotic pressure, which helps to regulate the movement of water between blood vessels and surrounding tissues