Cardiovascular system drugs

Question 1

chronotropic drugs

Answer 1

affect heart rate

Question 2

positive chronotropic drugs

Answer 2

increase heart rate

Question 3

negative chronotropic drug

Answer 3

decrease heart rate

Question 4

inotropic drugs

Answer 4

affect strength of heart contractions

Question 5

positive inotropic drugs

Answer 5

increase strength of contractions

Question 6

negative inotropic drugs

Answer 6

decrease strength of contractions

Question 7

compensatory mechanisms of heart to raise bp

Answer 7

increase HR, increase stroke volume, increase efficiency of contraction, cardiac remodeling

Question 8

diseases of the heart

Answer 8

valvular disease, cardiac arrhythmias, mycocardial disease, congenital problems

Question 9

treatment principals of cardiac disease

Answer 9

control rhythm disturbances, maintain/increase cardiac output, relieve fluid accumulations, increase oxygenation of blood, sedatives/oxygen

Question 10

glycosides

Answer 10

digoxin

Question 11

diuretics

Answer 11

furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide, spironolactone

Question 12

catecholamines

Answer 12

epinephrine, dopamine, dobutamine, isoproterenol

Question 13

bipyridine derivatives

Answer 13

amrinone, milrinone

Question 14

factors that predispose heart to arrhythmias

Answer 14

conditions that cause hypoxia, electrolyte imbalances, sensitivity to catecholamines, certain drugs (digoxin), cardiac trauma

Question 15

antiarrhythmic drug classes

Answer 15

1A, 1B, 1C, II, III, IV

Question 16

1A antiarrhythmic drugs

Answer 16

quinidine, procainamide

Question 17

1B antiarrhythmic drugs

Answer 17

lidocaine, tocainide, mexiletine

Question 18

1C antiarrhythmic drugs

Answer 18

flecainide, encainide (not used)

Question 19

II antiarrhythmic drugs

Answer 19

beta-adrenergic blockers; propranolol, atenolol

Question 20

III antiarrhythmic drugs

Answer 20

bretylium, aniodarone, sotalol

Question 21

IV antiarrhythmic drugs

Answer 21

calcium channel blockers; verapamil, diltiazem

Question 21

arteriolar dilators

Answer 21

hydralazine

Question 22

venodilators

Answer 22

nitroglycerine

Question 23

combined vasodilators

Answer 23

prazosin, nitroprusside

Question 24

ACE inhibitors

Answer 24

enalapril, captopril, lisinopril, ramipril, benazepril

Question 25

other treatments for heart failure

Answer 25

bronchodilators, oxygen therapy, sedation, thoracocentesis/abdominocentesis

Question 26

diet

Answer 26

decrease sodium intake, maintain weight

Question 27

preload

Answer 27

amount of fluid being forced into the heart from the body

Question 28

afterload

Answer 28

amount of fluid being pumped from the heart to the body

Question 29

stroke volume

Answer 29

amount of blood moved with each contraction of the heart