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Cardiovascular System Test Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

Pericardium

A

Fluid filled sac that covers the heart

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2
Q

Layers of the heart
(outermost to innermost)

A

Epicardium
myocardium
Endocardium

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3
Q

How do the valves work in the heart?

A

They open up when an atrium or ventricle contracts so that the blood can go through, but once the blood is in the right section they will close to prevent the blood flow backwards

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4
Q

Ventricle vs atrium

A

Ventricle is the bottom half of the heart and atrium is the top half

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5
Q

Interventricular septum

A

Prevents oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing, in the middle of the right and left atrium/ventricle

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6
Q

Practice labeling internal and external heart images and the basic one we had

A
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7
Q

Vein vs Artery
Include color and the one exception

A

Vein- blood goes towards heart(blue)
Artery- blood goes Away from heart(red)
(ONLY EXCEPTION IS PULMONARY ARTERY AND VEIN ARE SWITCHED IN COLOR)

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8
Q

Systole

A

Contraction

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9
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation/ refilling of blood

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10
Q

Can CPR save a life?

A

No, it can prolong heart function and keep oxygenated blood circulating during cardiac arrest, but you will need a defibrillator

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11
Q

What will you definitely see in a slide of cardiac muscle?
Out of these features, what is unique to the cardiac muscle?

A

Striations- tons of light lines
Intercalated Discs- Darker lines, lots of them, but less than striations and they connect the individual cells
Nuclei- ovalish

INTERCALATED DISCS

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12
Q

SA Node

A

Pacemaker of the heart- keeps the heart beating at the correct pace, Right atrium

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13
Q

AV node

A

Right atrium above tricuspid valve, Delays signal so atria can contract before ventricles contract. Without this, blood would just splash around and not go anywhere. It keeps syncytium

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14
Q

Cardiac Conduction System Order

A

SA Node
AV Node
AV Bundle/ Bundle of His
Right Bundle Branch/Left Bundle Branch
Purkinje Fibers

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15
Q

AV Bundle/Bundle of His

A

In interventricular septum, and branches out to left and right ventricle

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16
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A

Triggers depolarization and restarts the whole cycle
They cause the ventricles to contract from the bottom up, like toothpaste tubes

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17
Q

How do defibrillators work?

A

They send so much electricity through to all the cells at once so the heart will repolarize and the action potential will start firing again

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18
Q

Capillaries

A

Smallest vessel with a large surface area where we are actively exchanging gases. Each one “feeds” a small group of cells.

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19
Q

Arterioles

A

Small artery

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20
Q

Venules

A

Small vein

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21
Q

Layers of a blood vessel(vein or artery)
Innermost to outermost

A

Tunica intima(endothelium)
Tunica media(elastic tissue)
Tunica externa

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22
Q

Does vasoconstriction mean the blood vessel is getting bigger or smaller?

A

Smaller

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23
Q

Does vasodilation mean the blood vessel is getting bigger or smaller?

A

Bigger

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24
Q

What is the thickest part of the heart?

A

The ventricles, specifically the left

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25
How do you get long term control of blood pressure?
You alter the blood volume through the kidneys
26
Thickest layers of vessel walls - What is it made of?
Tunica media(middle layer), made of smooth muscle and elastic fibers which helps with contraction and relaxation to control pressure
27
EKG
Measures the electrical activity of the heart
28
What blood vessel has a thicker muscle and elastic tissue wall?
Artery
29
Which event does the P-wave correlate with QRS complex? T wave?
Atrial depolarization Ventricle depolarization Ventricle repolarization
30
Repolarization
The heart is relaxing
31
Depolarization
The heart is contracting
32
Cardiac cycle
Equivalent to one full heart beat
33
Practice labeling veins and arteries - Use Tricks to Remember Veins and Arteries Quizlet
34
Practice labeling arrythmias
35
Tachycardia
Heart rate 100 bpm or higher
36
When do ventricles/atria fill with blood?
When they are relaxing, diastole
37
Control center where electrical impulses coming into the SA node originate from
Medulla oblongata
38
When the atrium or ventricle contracts what is happening?
It is getting rid of blood and moving it to the next section
39
When the atrium or ventricle contracts what is happening?
It is getting ready to receive more blood
40
How does blood flow when it comes to arterioles, venules, and capillaries and what type of blood is it?
It goes arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins Arteries and arterioles(for pulmonary only) are blue. Venules and veins(for pulmonary only) are red. Capillaries are purple(red and blue). Systemic Arteries and arterioles are red. Venules and veins are blue. Capillaries are purple(red and blue). Systemic comes after aorta
41
Which side of the heart is bigger?
Left side is much larger
42
Aorta
Biggest artery in the human body
43
Why is the human heart called a double loop?
blood passes through the heart twice in a complete circuit of the body: once on its way to the lungs (pulmonary circulation) and once on its way to the rest of the body (systemic circulation), effectively creating two distinct loops within the circulatory system
44
Papillary Muscles
Labeled right by the chordae tendineae and they pull on them "pull on heart strings"
45
Bradycardia
Slow heartbeat
46
Tachycardia
Fast heartbeat
47
Heart Murmur
an extra sound heard during a heartbeat that could mean a valve problem or a hole in the heart
48
Functional syncytium
The heart beats as a unit because it has intercalated discs to hold individual cells to together
49
What is happening in each part of an ECG?
P wave- Atria contraction/ depolarization QRS complex- Ventricular contraction/ depolarization T wave- Ventricular relaxation/ repolarization
50
Ventricular Fibrillation
Really bad, chaotic contraction and no blood is being pumped
51
Practice labeling heartbeats
52
Talk about layers of arteries vs veins
The tunica media is much thicker in arteries because arteries have to withstand high pressures of blood pumped directly from the heart
53
Is contraction repolarization or depolarization?
Depolarization
54
Is relaxation repolarization or depolarization?
repolarization
55
If the P wave on an EKG looks abnormal, what structure(s) of the heart is possibly damaged?
SA/AV node
56
Control center of the heart
Medulla oblongata
57
Which layer of blood vessels contains smooth muscle and elastic fibers?
The tunica media
58
Which vein is blood often taken from?
The median cubital
59
What type of valves do blood vessels have?
Trick question! Veins have Semilunar valves but only veins not arteries.
60
What direction does blood flow for blood vessels?
From arteries to veins
61
Most commonly used pulse points
Carotid(neck), radial(wrists)
62
In your own words, describe how to use a blood pressure cuff(sphygmomanometer).
To use a blood pressure cuff, first wrap the cuff around the upper left arm, just above the elbow. Then, we slide a stethoscope under the cuff and place it on the brachial artery. Inflate the cuff by pumping the bulb until it’s at 150 mmHg. Then, slowly release the air while listening with a stethoscope over the brachial artery, noting the readings when the heartbeat starts and when it stops. The first sound represents the systolic pressure, and the last sound represents the diastolic pressure. The average blood pressure is 120/80.
63
Problems with high blood pressure
It can damage fragile blood vessels
64
Problems with low blood pressure
It kills you quickly because your body cells will not receive enough oxygen-and nutrient-rich blood.
65
Blood pressure
The average pressure exerted by blood against the arteries walls
66
What increases blood pressure?
- Increase in blood volume - Less "stretchy" walls, smaller gap to get through so pressure increases - Increase in cardiac output
67
Baroreceptors
Located in muscle of arteries
68
What is the equation relating to cardiac output?
CO= SV x HR SV- Stroke Volume HR- Heart rate
69
Blood volume
Amount of blood
70
Cardiac output
Measure of the volume of blood pumped from the heart into the arteries in one minute
71
Stroke Volume
Volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle per beat
72
Review BP regulation packet
73
When the arteries vasoconstrict, how does that affect blood volume?
It doesn't the blood is just redistributed, but none is lost or gained
74
What do these three effectors affect: Myocardial fibers of the heart ventricle, SA node of the heart, smooth muscle of other arterioles?
- Stroke Volume - Heart Rate - Total Peripheral Resistance
75
Efferent/Motor signals
Exiting brainstem
76
Sensory/Afferent signals
Arriving to brainstem
77
Where do sympathetic neurons send branches to?
The SA node and ventricles
78
Where do parasympathetic neurons send branches to?
The SA node
79
How are the parasympathetic nerve and heart rate related?
The heart rate decreases and the parasympathetic nerve increases
80
Which side of the heart is blue and which side is red?
The right side is blue and the left side is red
81
What is the name of the arteries that supply blood to the muscle of the heart?
Coronary arteries
82
Atherosclerosis
Coronary heart disease with plaques in the heart that restrict blood flow. People typically have low oxygen levels.
83
Sympathetic system: How does this affect heart rate?
It speeds it up
84
Parasympathetic system: How does this affect heart rate?
It slows it down
85
What causes the first heart sound in a heartbeat?
Closing of AV valves
86
What causes the second heart sound in a heartbeat?
Closing of SL valves

Anatomy (14 decks)

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