Pathogens and Immune System Test

Question 1

Memory Cell

Answer 1

Keeps a memory of the antigens they were exposed to; to prevent its host from getting infected with that antigen again

Question 2

Second Line of Defense

Answer 2

Macrophages, Neutrophils

Question 3

First Line of Defense

Answer 3

Skin, tears, mucus, hair

Question 4

Third Line of Defense

Answer 4

Adaptive Immunity
specific antibodies
B cells, T cells

Question 5

Study Bacteria, Viruses, and… quizlet

Question 6

Primary function of non-specific immune system

Answer 6

Recognizing and responding to a wide range of potential pathogens

Question 7

Different types of vaccines

Answer 7

Live attenuated, inactivated, toxoid, subunit, recombinant

Question 8

B cells

Answer 8

Part of the specific immune system that produces antibodies specific to the antigen, recognizes pathogens, and tags pathogens for destruction

Question 9

How does the non-specific immune system provide a rapid response to pathogens?

Answer 9

Physical barriers and chemical signals

Question 10

Active Immunity
- Naturally acquired(NA)
- Artificially acquired(AA)

Answer 10

• Creating our own antibodies and having long term immunity resulting from exposure to a pathogen, and subsequent antibody production
  NA- You create antibodies to fight off infection.
  AA- You are given a vaccine to create your own antibodies to fight off infection

Question 11

Passive Immunity
- Naturally acquired(NA)
- Artificially acquired(AA)

Answer 11

• Being given antibodies; lasts for shorter times
  NA- You are given antibodies through breastmilk from your mother.
  AA- You are literally given antibodies to fight off infection.

Question 12

T cell

Answer 12

Specific immunity that are born in the bone marrow but mature in the thymus gland
Recognize and kill infected cells, activating other immune cells, and producing cytokines

Question 13

Cytotoxic T cell

Answer 13

It causes cells to undergo apoptosis. The ones that actually kill the cells

Question 14

How does the immune system recognize and respond to an infection?

Answer 14

Detection of specific molecules on the surface of the bacteria/virus

Question 15

How do antibodies protect against pathogens?

Answer 15

By sticking to the pathogens and triggering their destruction

Question 16

Explain the process of antibody production in the ADAPTIVE immune system.

Answer 16

B cells differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies specific to the antigen

Question 17

Antibiotics are used for _______ infections and antibodies are used for _________ infections.

Answer 17

Bacterial; Viral

Question 18

Helper T cell

Answer 18

Main function is to release messenger/regulatory proteins called cytokines

Question 19

What do B cells develop into?

Answer 19

Plasma cells or Memory B cells

Question 20

Key indicators of the nonspecific immune response

Answer 20

First, inflammation
Fever, chemical signals

Question 21

Phagocytes

Answer 21

Nonspecific
White blood cells that attack and destroy any pathogen

Question 22

Antigen

Answer 22

What the body recognizes as non-self. Protein markers on the surface of a pathogen which stimulates the B cells

Question 23

Structures of the immune system

Answer 23

Tonsils
Spleen
Thymus

Question 24

What filters the blood and cleanses it of destroyed pathogens and worn out blood cells?

Answer 24

Spleen

Question 25

Natural killer cells How do they cause cell death?

Answer 25

Immune cells that can kill our own cells if they are infected with a virus or are found to be cancerous. They kill the cells by poking cells with an enzyme that triggers apoptosis.

Question 26

Apoptosis

Answer 26

Programmed cell death

Question 27

Mast cell

Answer 27

Secretes histamines that cause vasodilation of blood vessels

Question 28

Examples of antigens

Answer 28

Bacteria, Virus, Fungus

Question 29

Where do B cells mature?

Answer 29

Bone marrow

Question 30

Once activated by an antigen what does a B cell do and how this is an advantage when fighting an invading pathogen?

Answer 30

The B cell starts cloning itself quickly with all the instructions for the exact same antibodies that are designed to fight one particular antigen. Most of these clones become active fighters.

Question 31

Why would we need a new vaccination for things like the flu every year? What is happening to the virus over time?

Answer 31

It is constantly evolving and changing their surface antigens so immunity to last year's flu doesn't work against this years.

Question 32

Antigen Presenting Cell(APC)

Answer 32

The pathogens that a macrophage has killed are broken into tiny molecules and then displayed on its outer membrane

Question 33

MHC

Answer 33

Major Histocompatibility Complexes The presented antigens on the outside of the APCs

Question 34

Name the types of T cells(hint there are 5)

Answer 34

Helper, Memory, Cytotoxic, Suppressor(regulatory), natural killer

Question 35

Regulator/Suppresor T cells

Answer 35

They send out inhibiting cytokines that tell other immune cells to stop or slow down so you dont start attacking your own body cells