Cardiovascular System - The Heart Flashcards
(67 cards)
1
Q
What are the Three Boundaries of the Mediastinum?
A
- Anterior
- Lateral
- Posterior
2
Q
What is the Mediastinum?
A
- A division of the Thoracic Cavity
3
Q
What is on the Anterior Boundary of the Mediastinum?
A
- Sternum
- Costal Cartliges
4
Q
What is on the Lateral Boundary of the Mediastinum?
A
- The Lungs
5
Q
What is on the Posterior Boundary of the Mediastinum?
A
- the Bodies of the Thoracic Vertebrae
6
Q
What are the two divisions of the Mediastinum? What are they separated by?
A
Divisions - Superior - Inferior Separation - Imaginary line that goes through the sternal angle (anteriorly) and TIV-TV intervertebral disk (posteriorly)
7
Q
What does the Superior Division of the Mediastinum contain? (7)
A
- Arteries
- Veins
- Nerves
- Thoracic Duct
- Esophagus
- Trachea
- Thymus Gland
8
Q
What Arteries are in the superior division of the mediastinum? (1)
A
- The Arch of the Aorta and Branches
9
Q
What Veins are in the Posterior Division of the Mediastinum? (3)
A
- Right and Left Brachiocephalic Veins
- The Inferior Part of SVC
- Proximal Part of the Azygos Vein
10
Q
What Nerves are in the Posterior Division of the Mediastinum? (2)
A
- Phrenic Nerves
- Vagus Nerves
11
Q
What are the three subdivisions of the Inferior Division of the Mediastinum?
A
- Anterior Mediastinum
- Middle Mediastinum
- Posterior Mediastinum
12
Q
What is in the Anterior subdivision of the Inferior division of the Mediastinum? (1)
A
- Thymus Gland
13
Q
What is in the middle subdivision of the Inferior Division of the Mediastinum? (6)
A
- Heart and its pericardium
- Ascending Aorta
- Pulmonary Trunk
- Pulmonary Veins
- Phrenic Nerves (L and R)
- Main Bronchi
14
Q
What is in the Posterior subdivision of the Inferior Division of the Mediastinum? (8)
A
- Descending Aorta
- Azygos Vein
- Hemiazygos Veins
- Right and Left Vagus Nerves
- Sympathetic Chains
- Splanchnic Nerves
- Thoracic Duct
- Esophagus
15
Q
What is the Heart Quadrangle?
A
- The 4 corners of the heart
16
Q
Where is the Upper left corner of the heart?
A
- left 2nd intercostal space
17
Q
Where is the upper right corner of the heart?
A
- right 3rd costal cartilage
18
Q
Where is the lower right corner of the heart?
A
- Right 6th costal cartilage
19
Q
Where is the lower left corner of the heart?
A
- Left 5th intercostal space
20
Q
What are the two layers of the pericardial sac?
A
- Fibrous Pericardium
- Serous Pericardium
21
Q
What is the Fibrous Pericardium? Where does it attach?
A
- Thick outer layer of the pericardial sac
- Attaches to the central tendon of the diaphragm
22
Q
What are the two layers of the Serous Pericardium? Where are they located?
A
- The Parietal Layer: Lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium
- The Visceral Layer: Attaches to the surface of the heart
23
Q
What is the Pericardial Cavity?
A
- The narrow space between the visceral and parietal layers of serous pericardium
24
Q
What Sulci are on the heart?
A
- Coronary Sulcus
- Anterior and Posterior Interventricular Sulci
25
What does the Coronary Sulcus do?
- Separates the atria from the ventricles
26
Where are the Anterior and Posterior Interventricular Sulci Located?
- Between the ventricles
27
What are the 4 surfaces of the Heart?
- Anterior Surface
- Inferior Surface
- Left Pulmonary Surface
- Right Pulmonary Surface
28
What is the anterior surface of the heart related to? what is part of it? what is another name for it?
```
Related
- 2nd-6th costal cartilages
Parts
- Right Ventricle
- Parts of the right atrium and left ventricles
Name
- Sternocostal Surface
```
29
What is part of the Inferior Surface? What is another name for it?
```
Part
- Posterior Interventricular Sulcus
- Left Ventricle
- Small Part of Right Ventricle
Name
- Diaphragmatic Surface
```
30
What is the Left Pulmonary Surface related to? What is part of it?
```
Related
- Left Lung
Part
- Left Ventricle
- Portion of the Left Atrium
```
30
What is the Right Pulmonary Surface related to? What is part of it?
Related
- Right Lung
Part
- Right Atrium
31
How many Borders does the Heart have? What are they?
```
Borders
- 4
Names
- Superior
- Right
- Left
- Inferior
```
32
What is part of the Superior Border of the heart?
- Right and Left Atria
| - Auricles
33
What is part of the right border of the heart?
- Right Atrium
34
What is part of the left border of the heart?
- Left Ventricle
| - Parts of the left auricle
35
What is part of the Inferior Border of the heart?
- Right Ventricle
| - Small portion of the left ventricle
36
Where does the heart base face? what is part of it?
```
Direction
- Posteriorly
Part
- Left Atrium
- Small Portion of the Right Atrium
```
37
What direction does the Heart Apex face? What is part of it?
Direction
- Inferiorly and to the left
Part
- Left Ventricle
38
How many chambers are in the heart? What are their names?
```
Chambers
- 4
Names
- Right Atrium
- Right Ventricle
- Left Atrium
- Left Ventricles
```
39
Where does the Right Atrium receive blood from? Where does it send it?
```
Receive
- Superior Vena Cava
- Inferior Vena Cava
- Coronary Sinus
Sends
- To the Right Ventricle through the tricuspid Valve
```
40
What kind of blood do the Right Atrium and Ventricle receive?
- Deoxygenated Venous Blood
41
Where does the Right Ventricle send blood? Via what?
Sends To
- The Lungs
Via
- The Pulmonary Trunk and Pulmonary Arteries
42
Where does the Left Atrium Receive Blood from? Where does it send it?
```
Receives
- Oxygenated Blood
From
- Lungs via the pulmonary Vein
To
- Left Ventricle through the Bicuspid Valve
```
43
Where does the Left Ventricle receive blood from? Where does it send it to?
Receives from
- Left Atrium
Sends to
- The rest of the circulatory system
44
What are the Pectinate Muscles?
- They line the anterior part of the right atrium
45
What is the Right Auricle?
- The anterior extension of the pectinate muscles into an ear-like appendage
46
What is the Left Auricle?
- The Pectinate Muscle of the left atrium
47
What is the Fossa Ovalis?
- An Embryological remnant of the foramen ovalis that connected the right and left atria prior to birth
48
What is the Right Atrioventricular (tricuspid valve)?
- The valve that separates the Right atrium and ventircle
49
What is the Left Atrioventricular (Bicuspid/Mitral) Valve?
- The Valve Between the Left Atrium and Ventricle
50
What is the Trabeculae Carneae?
- Muscular Ridges that line the ventricles
51
What are the Papillary Muscles?
- Finger-like projections that arise from the walls of the ventricles and insert onto the leaflets of the atrioventricular valves via tendon-like structures known as Chorda Tendinae
52
What is the Pulmonary Valve?
- The Valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk
53
What is the Interventricular Septum?
- Separates the left and right ventricles
54
What is the Aortic Valve?
- The valve between the left ventricle and the aorta
55
What are the 5 Arteries that supply the heart?
- Right Coronary Artery
- Posterior Interventricular Artery
- Left Coronary Artery
- Anterior Interventricular Artery
- Circumflex Artery
56
What is the path of the Right Coronary Artery? What does it supply?
```
Path
- From Right Side of the ascending aorta to the right side of right coronary sulcus
Supplies
- The Right atrium
- The Right ventricle
```
57
What is the Posterior Interventricular Artery? what does it supply?
PIA
- Terminal Branch of the Right Coronary Artery
Supplies
- Posterior Aspects of Both ventricles
58
Where does the Left Coronary Artery arise from? what does it give rise to?
```
Arise
- Left Ascending Aorta
Gives Rise to
- Right Interventricular Artery
- Circumflex Artery
```
59
What is the path of the Anterior Interventricular Artery? What did it supply?
Path
- Runs in the anterior Interventricular Sulcus
Supplies
- The anterior aspect of both ventricles
60
What is the path of the Circumflex Artery? What does it supply?
Path
- Follows the coronary sulcus
Supplies
- The left ventricle and atrium
61
What Veins Drain Blood From the Heart?
- The Great Cardiac Vein
- The Middle Cardiac Vein
- The Small Cardiac Vein
62
Where do the three Cardiac Veins drain? Where does it go after that?
Drain
- Coronary Sulcus
After
- The Right Atrium
63
Where is the Great Cardiac Vein Located?
- The Anterior Interventricular Sulcus
64
Where is the Middle Cardiac Vein located?
- Posterior Interventricular Sulcus
65
Where is the Small Cardiac Vein Located?
- Right Side of the Coronary Sulcus
66
Where is the Coronary Sulcus located?
- Inferior Surface of the Heart
