Muscles - Head & Neck Flashcards
(96 cards)
1
Q
What are the different ways a Muscle can be named? (7)
A
- Shape
- Location
- Attachment
- Number of Heads
- Function
- Direction of Fibers
- Size
2
Q
What are some examples of Muscles named for their shape?
A
- Rhomboid
- Trapezius
- Deltoid
3
Q
What are some muscles that are named for their locations?
A
- Pectoralis (pectoral region)
- Intercostal
- Brachialis
4
Q
What are some muscles named after their attachment location?
A
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Stylohyoid
5
Q
What are some muscles named after the number of heads?
A
- Biceps Brachii (two heads)
- Quadriceps Femoris (four heads)
6
Q
What are some muscles named after their function?
A
- Extensor Digitorum
- Erector Spinae
7
Q
What are some muscles named after the direction of their fibers?
A
- Transverse Abdominis
- Rectus Capitis
8
Q
What are some muscles named after their size?
A
- Gluteus Maximus
- Vastus Medialis
9
Q
What are the Three types of muscles?
A
- Smooth Muscle Tissue
- Cardiac Muscle Tissue
- Skeletal Muscle Tissue
10
Q
Where would smooth muscles be found? what is their function?
A
Locations - Blood vessels - Hollow viscera Function - Involuntary movements in viscera
11
Q
Where would cardiac muscle be found? what are their functions?
A
Location
- In the heart
Function
- Causes Rhythmic involuntary contractions
12
Q
Where would skeletal muscles be found? What are their functions?
A
Locations - Attached to bones Function - Locomotion - Movement of joints at the level of joints
13
Q
What are the four important features for muscles orientations?
A
- Origin
- Insertion
- Function
- Innervation
14
Q
What is the Origin of a muscle?
A
- The attachment area that remains stationary during muscle contraction
15
Q
What is the insertion of a muscle?
A
- The area of attachment that usually moves during contraction
16
Q
What is the Function of a muscle?
A
- Moving the insertion towards the origin
- or Putting them in the same plane (ex. SCM: turns head)
17
Q
What is the innervation of a muscle?
A
- The peripheral component of the somatic nervous system
18
Q
Where is the Occipitofrontalis Muscle Located?
A
- The Head (scalp)
19
Q
What is the Structure of the Occipitofrontalis Muscle? What are the names of the different structures?
A
Structure - Two Bellies connected by Firm Fibers Names - Bellies: Frontal Belly and Occipital Belly - Firm Fibers: Epicranial Aponeurosis
20
Q
What is the Function of the Occipitofrontalis Muscle?
A
- Moves skin of the head
- Frontal Belly: throws wrinkles in skin of forehead during exclamation
21
Q
What is the Occipitofrontalis Muscle Innervated By?
A
- Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve
22
Q
What are the Two types of Facial Muscles?
A
- Superficial Muscles
- Deep Muscles
23
Q
What Innervates the Superficial Muscles of the Face?
A
- Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve
24
Q
What is the Function of the Superficial Muscles of the Face?
A
- Provide tension to the skin of the face
- Muscles of Expression
25
What is the attachment of the superficial muscles of the face?
- Deep surface of the skin
26
What are the Three categories of Superficial Muscles of the Face?
- Muscles around the Eye
- Muscles around the Nose
- Muscles around the Mouth
27
Where is the Orbicularis Oculi attched?
- The Maximal Bone: around the eye
28
What is the function of the Orbicularis Oculi?
- Squeeze/soft close of the eye
| - Help drain tears to eye
29
What nerve innervates the Orbicularis Oculi?-
- Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve
30
What is the structure of the Nasalis?
- Short Muscular bridge over the nose
31
What is the origin point of the Nasalis Muscle?
- Maxilla Bone
32
What is the Function of the Nasalis?
- Widen and Dilate the nostrils
| - Maximize the air in inhalation
33
What Innervates the Nasalis?
- Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve
34
What is the Structure of the Orbicularis Oris?
- From the core of the upper and lower lips
35
What is the attachment points of the Orbicularis Oris?
- Maxilla and Mandible
36
What is the function of the Orbicularis Oris?
- Close the Lips
| - Purse the lips
37
What innervates the Orbicularis Oris?
- Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve
38
What are the two small muscles around the Mouth?
- Risorius Muscle
| - Zygomaticus Major Muscle
39
Where is the Risorius Muscle attachment points?
- The Fascia over the parotid gland
40
What is the Origin of the Risorius Muscle?
The angle of the mouth
41
What is the function of the Risorius Muscle?
- Retracts the angle of the mouth during smiling
42
What innervates the Risorius Muscle?
- Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve
43
Where is the Zygomaticus Major Muscle attached?
- The Zygomatic Bone
44
What is the origin of the Zygomaticus Major Muscle?
- The angle of the mouth
45
What is the function of the Zygomaticus Major Muscle?
- Pulls the angle of the mouth up
46
What Innervates the Zygomaticus Major Muscle?
- Cranial Nerve VII: Facial Nerve
47
What are the Deep Muscles of the Face Innervated by?
- Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal
| - V3: Mandibular Branch
48
What are the 4 important Deep Muscles of the Face?
- Temporalis
- Masseter
- Medial Pterygoid
- Lateral Pterygoid
49
What Is the origin of the Temporalis?
- Temporal Bone
50
What is the Insertion of the Temporalis Muscle?
- Coronoid Process of the Mandible
51
What is the Function of the Temporalis?
- Elevates the Mandible (closes the Mouth)
52
What is the Origin of the Masseter Muscle?
- The Zygomatic Arch
53
What is the Insertion of the Masseter Muscle?
- Lateral Surface of the Ramus of the Mandible
54
What is the Function of the Masseter?
- Elevate the Mandible, the most powerful muscle in the body.
55
What is the Origin of the Medial Pterygoid Muscle?
- Pterygoid of the Sphenoid Bone
56
What is the Insertion of the Medial Pterygoid Muscle?
- Medial surface of the ramus of the mandible
57
What is the function of the Medial Pterygoid Muscle?
- Elevating the Mandible
58
What is the Origin of the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle?
- Pterygoid of the Sphenoid, runs horizontally
59
What is the Insertion of the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle?
- Neck (below condylar process) of the mandible. close to the TMJ.
60
What is the Function of the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle?
- Protrusion (unlocking of the TMJ and pulls forward) of the mandible
61
When is the TMJ stable? when is it unstable?
Stable
- When it is locked
Unstable
- When it is unlocked
62
How many Muscles move the eye?
- 7
63
What Cranial Nerves Innervate the Muscles that move the eye?
- Cranial Nerve III: Oculomotor
- Cranial Nerve IV: Trochlear
- Cranial Nerve VI: Abducens
64
What Extra-Ocular Muscle does not attach to the Eye?
- Levator Palpebrae Superioris
65
What is the Function of the Levator Palpebrae Superioris?
- Elevates the superior eyelid, to open your eye
66
What are the two categories of Pharyngeal and Laryngeal Muscles?
- Elevators (longitudinal Muscles)
| - Constrictors (circular Muscle)
67
What Cranial Nerve innervates the Pharyngeal and Laryngeal Muscles?
- Cranial Nerve X: Vagus Nerve
68
What is the Function of the Laryngeal Elevator Muscle?
- Elevate both the Larynx and the Pharynx
| - Contributes to swallowing, Larynx gets pulled up to close off the airway
69
What is the function of the Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle?
- Constrict, narrows the larynx during swallowing, preventing foreign objects from entering into the larynx
70
How many Intrinsic muscles are in the Larynx? What innervates them?
#
- 9 pairs
Innervated By
- Cranial Nerve X: Vagus Nerve
71
Where is the Palatine (Palatal) Muscle Located?
- Between the Base of the Skull and Soft Palate
72
What innervates the Palatine (palatal) Muscle?
- Cranial Nerve X: Vagus Nerve
73
What is the Function of the Palatine (Palatal) Muslces?
- Elevate the Soft Palate
74
How many muscles are in the Tongue? What are they innervated by?
#
- 19
Innervated By
- Cranial Nerve XII: Hypoglossal Nerve
75
What are the Functions of the Muscles of the Tongue?
- Movement of the tongues in different directions
76
What is the origin of the Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue?
Outside the Tongue (a bone)
- Styloid
- Hyoid
- Mandible
77
What is the Insertion point of all Muscles of the Tongue?
- The Tongue
78
What is the Origin of the Intrinsic Tongue Muscles?
- The Tongue
79
What are the two classifications for Muscles of the Neck?
- Superficial Muscles
| - Deep Muscles
80
What is the Origin of the Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)?
- Sternum
| - Clavicle
81
What kind of muscle is the Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)?
- Superficial Muscle of the Neck
82
What is the insertion point for the Sternocleidomastoid?
- Mastoid Process of the Temporal Bone
83
What Innervates the Sternocleidomastoid Muscle?
- Cranial Nerve XI: Accessory
84
What are the Functions of the Sternocleidomastoid Muscle?
One-Side
- Turns the head to the contralateral side
Both Sides
- The Chin Forward when your head is level and flexes the neck
85
What is the Hyoid Bone in relation to Muscles of the Neck?
- A landmark to subdivide the superficial muscles
86
What is the origin of the Suprahyoid Muscles?
- Arising from mandible and temporal bones attached to the hyoid bone
87
What innervates the Suprahyoid muscles?
- Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal
| - Cranial Nerve VII: Facial
88
What is the Function of the Suprahyoid Muscles?
- Opens the Mouth
89
What is the Origin of the Infrahyoid Muscles?
- Clavicle and Sternum attached to the hyoid
90
What innervates the Infrahyoid muscles?
- Ansa Cervicalis: branch of the Cervical Plexus
91
What is the Function of the Infrahyoid Muscles?
- Pulls down the Hyoid: stabilize the hyoid bone and creates a base for the suprahyoid muscles
92
What innervates the deep muscles of the neck?
- Ventral Rami of the Cervical Spinal Nerve
93
What type of muscles are the Scalenes Muscles?
- Deep Muscles of the Neck
94
What is the Origin of the Scalenes Muscles?
- Transverse Process of Cervical Vertebrate
95
What is the Insertion Point of the Scalenes Muscles?
- Ribs 1 & 2
96
What is the Function of the Scalenes Muscles?
- Elevation of the First Two Ribs: Accessory Breathing Muscles
