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CAPS 391 - Gross Human Anatomy > Joints - Limbs > Flashcards

Joints - Limbs Flashcards

1
Q

How many Joints does the shoulder have? Name them and What is the Main one?

A 
# Joints
- 4
Names
- Sternoclavicular
- Acromioclavicular
- Scapulothoracic 
- Glenohumeral
Main Joint
- Glenohumeral Joint
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2
Q

What Kind of Joint is the Glenohumeral Joint? Where is it found?

A 
Kind
- Ball and Socket Synovial Joint
- Multiaxial
- Diarthrosis 
- Freely moveable 
Found 
- Shoulder Joint between the Glenoid cavity of the Scapula and the Head of the Humerus
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3
Q

What are some interesting facts about the Glenohumeral Joint?

A
  • Most mobile Joint in humans
  • Most unstable joint in humans
  • Long head of biceps brachii supports Joint
  • Head of the humerus is 3x the size of the glenoid cavity
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4
Q

What Structures Help support the Glenohumeral Joint?

A
  • Long Head of Biceps Brachii
  • Glenoid Labrum
  • Ligaments
  • Bursa
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5
Q

What is the Glenoid Labrum and what does it do?

A 
Glenoid Labrum
- Fibrocartilaginous ring around the circumference of glenoid cavity
Function
- Stabilizes the glenohumeral joint
- Increases depth of the glenoid cavity
- increases conguency
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6
Q

What covers the Joint surfaces of the Glenohumeral joint?

A
  • Hyaline Cartilage (articular cartilages)
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7
Q

What ligaments are associated with the Glenohumeral Joint? Describe them

A
  • Coraco-humeral: Between coracoid process of scapula and humerus (extracapsular or extrinsic ligament)
  • Acromioclavicular:
  • Glenohumeral: Intracapsular or Intrinsic Ligament
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8
Q

What ligaments are associated with the Glenohumeral Joint? Describe them

A
  • Coracohumeral: Between the coracoid process of scapula and humerus (extracapsular or extrinsic ligament)
  • Acromioclavicular: Connects the Scapula to the Clavicle
  • Glenohumeral: Intracapsular or Intrinsic Ligament
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9
Q

What Kind of Joint is the Sternoclavicular Joint? What does it do? What ligament stabilizes it?

A

Type
- Synovial Saddle Joint
Function
- Only the Joint that connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton
- Connects the clavicle to the manubrium of the sternum
Ligament
- Costoclavicular

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10
Q

What kind of joint is the acromioclavicular joint? What does it do? what ligament stabilizes it?

A

Type
- Planar Synovial Joint
Function
- Connects acromion of the scapula to the clavicle
Ligament
- Coracoclavicular ligament
- Super and Inferior Acromioclavicular Ligaments

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11
Q

What is the Scapulothoracic Joint?

A

Type

  • Not true joint
  • Articulation of the scapula gliding over the posterior thoracic cage
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12
Q

What is the subacromial bursa?

A

Subacromial Bursa

  • a small sac made of synovial membrane and fluid
  • located under the acromion process
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13
Q

How many Joints are in the Elbow Joint Complex? What are their names and contribution to movement? Why is it a Complex?

A

of Joints
- 3
Names
- Humero-radial Joint: Flexion and Extension / Rotational
- Humero-ulnar Joint: Flexion and Extension
- Proximal Radio-ulnar Joint: Rotational Movements
Reason for Complex
- All three components are invested by the same fibrous capsule

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14
Q

Where is the Humero-ulnar Joint located? What Kind of Joint is it?

A 
Location
- In the Elbow Joint Complex
- Formed between the Trochlea of the Humerus and the trochlear notch of the Ulna
Type
- Synovial Hinge Joint
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15
Q

What Kind of Joint is the Humero-radial Joint? Where is it located?

A 
Type
- Synovial Condyloid 
Location
- Elbow Joint Complex
- Formed between capitulum of Humerus and the superior surface of the head of the radius
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16
Q

What kind of Joint is the Proximal Radio-Ulnar? Where is it located?

A 
Type
- Synovial Pivot Joint 
Location
- Elbow Joint Complex
- Formed between the circumference of the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna
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17
Q

What two joints are considered the elbow joint? what is the other joint in the Elbow complex?

A 
Elbow Joint
- Humero-Radial Joint
- Humero-Ulnar Joint
Other Joint 
- Proximal Radi-Ulnar Joint
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18
Q

What are the main supporting ligaments of the Elbow Joint Complex?

A
  • Ulnar Collateral Ligament: protects against abduction
  • Radial Collateral Ligament: protects against adduction
  • Annular Ligament: wraps around the head of the radius
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19
Q

What Bursa is located in the Elbow Complex?

A
  • Olecranon Bursa: Olecranon Bursitis Refers to Student Bursitis (leaning on elbow)
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20
Q

What Joints are in the Wrist?

A
  • Radiocarpal Joints
  • Midcarpal Joint
  • Intercarpal Joint
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21
Q

What are the Three Parts of the Radioulnar Joint? What are their involvement in movement?

A 
Parts
- Proximal (superior) radioulnar Joint
- Middle Radioulnar Joint
- Distal (inferior) radioulnar Joint
Movement
- Supination and Pronation of the forearm
22
Q

What kind of Joint is the Proximal (superior) radioulnar joint? where is it and what ligament supports it?

A

Type
- A synovial pivot Joint
Location
- Circumference of the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna.
Ligament
- Annular Ligament: hold the head of the radius against the radial notch of the ulna

23
Q

What kind of Joint is the Middle Radioulnar Joint? Where is it?

A

Type
- Fibrous Syndesmosis Joint
Location
- Interosseous membrane connects the interosseous borders of the ulna and radius

24
Q

What Type of Joint is the Distal (inferior) Radioulnar Joint? Where is it located?

A

Type
- Synovial Pivot Joint
Location
- The head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius
- Shares capsule with the wrist joint, though the joint cavity is separated from the wrist joint cavity by an articular disc

25
Q

What kind of joint is the Radiocarpal Joint? Where is it located?

A

Type
- Synovial Ellipsoid (condyloid)
Location
- Distal end of the radius and the proximal row of carpal bones (except pisiform)

26
Q

What Ligaments support the Radiocarpal Joint?

A
  • Medial (ulnar) collateral ligament
  • Lateral (radial) collateral ligament
  • Palmar and Dorsal Ulno-carpal ligaments
  • Palmar and Dorsal Radio-carpal ligaments
27
Q

What Type of Joint are the Midcarpal Joints? Where are they located?

A

Type
- Synovial Planar Type
Location
- Between proximal and distal rows of the carpal bones

28
Q

What type of joint are the Intercarpal Joints? Where are they located?

A

Type
- Synovial Planar
Location
- Between the individual bones (laterally-medially) in each row

29
Q

What type of joint are the Carpometacarpal Joints? Where are they located? What is the atypical one and why?

A

Types
- Synovial planar (except the first carpometacarpal joint)
- Synovial Saddle (only the first carpometacarpal joint)
Location
- between the distal carpal bones and the proximal end of the metacarpal bones.
Atypical
- The First Carpometacarpal Joint: is a Synovial Saddle joint between the Trapezium and the First metacarpal bone

30
Q

What type of joint are the Metacarpophalangeal Joints? Where are they located?

A

Type
- Synovial Condyloid Joints
Location
- Between the distal end of the metacarpal bones and the proximal end of the proximal phalanges

31
Q

What type of joint are the Interphalangeal Joints? Where are they located? What are the two kinds of Interphalangeal Joints?

A 
Type
- Synovial Hinge Joints
Location 
- Between the phalanges
Kinds
- Proximal Interphalangeal Joints
- Distal Interphalangeal Joints
*Thumb only has one Interphalangeal Joint*
32
Q

What type of joint is the Hip Joint? What bones are involved?

A 
Type
- Synovial Ball and Socket Joint
Bones Involved
- Hip Bone (Ischium, Ilium, & Pubic Bone)
- Femur
33
Q

What are the intrinsic Ligaments that support the Hip Joint? What are the Extrinsic Ligaments?

A 
Intrinsic
- Iliofemoral Ligament 
- Pubofemoral Ligament
- Ischiofemoral
Extrinsic
- Round / Teres ligament 
- Transverse Acetabular Ligament
34
Q

What is Unique about the Round Ligament?

A
  • It is Extrinsic but within the Joint Cavity
  • Connects femoral head to the center of the acetabulum
  • Contains an artery supplying the femoral head
  • If torn, can lead to avascular necrosis of the femoral head
35
Q

What helps with the congruency of the hip joint?

A
  • Acetabular Labrum: A fibrocartilage ring that surrounds the articular surface of the acetabulum
  • Provides stability by increasing depth of the acetabulum
36
Q

What type of joint is the Tibiofemoral Joint? How does this help with stability?

A

Type
- Bi-condylar or Modified Hinge Joint
Stability
- Meniscus provide shock absorbers as the knee can experience pressure from 3-5x the weight of the body when going up and down stairs

37
Q

What complementary structures contribute to the Knee Joint?

A
  • Medial and Lateral Meniscus
  • Ligaments
  • Bursa
  • Tendon (Patellofemoral Joint)
38
Q

Describe the Medial and Lateral Meniscus in the Tibiofemoral Joint? What happens when they get damaged?

A 
Meniscus
- Incomplete fibro-cartilage rings
- Shock absorbers of the knee
- Increase depth and congruency
Damaged
- Heal poorly
- need surgical resection
- can lead to arthritis (osteo)
39
Q

What Ligaments support the Knee Joint Complex? (5)

A
  • Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
  • Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
  • Medial (tibial) Collateral Ligament
  • Lateral (fibular) Collateral Ligament
  • Patellar Ligament
40
Q

Name, location, and function of ACL and PCL

A

Name
- ACL: Anterior Cruciate Ligament
- PCL: Posterior Cruciate Ligament
Location
- Tibiofemoral Joint
- Intraarticular: criss-cross from post-ant and ant-post
Function
- Provides anteroposterior stability for knee joint
- Damage can affect the function of high-performance activities

41
Q

What two joints make up the Knee Joint Complex?

A
  • Medial and Lateral Tibiofemoral Joint

- Patellofemoral Joint

42
Q

What are the 3 Tibiofibular Joints?

A
  • Proximal (superior) tibiofibular joint
  • Middle tibiofi bular joint
  • Distal (inferior) tibiofi bular joint
43
Q

What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint? where is it located?

A

Type
- Synovial Pivot
Location
- Head of the fibular and lateral condyle of the tibia

44
Q

What type of joint is the Middle Tibiofi Bular Joint? where is it located?

A

Type
- fibrous syndesmosis
Location
- an interosseous membrane connects the interosseous borders of the tibia and fibula

45
Q

What type of joint is the Distal Tibiofi Bular Joint? where is it located?

A

Type
- Fibrous Syndesmosis
Location
- between the fibular notch of the tibia and the distal end of the fibula

46
Q

What type of joint is the Talocrural (ankle) Joint? What bones are involved?

A 
Type
- Synovial Hinge Joint
Bones
- Distal End of Tibia
- Distal End of Fibula
- Body of Talus
47
Q

What Ligaments support the Talocrural (ankle) Joint?

A
  • Deltoid (medial) ligament

- Lateral ligament

48
Q

What type of joints are the Intertarsal Joints? What are the three kinds and the bones they occur in?

A

Type
- Synovial Planar
Kinds
- Subtalar Joint (between talus and calcaneus)
- Transverse tarsal joint (between talus, calcaneus, navicular, and cuboid)
- Cuneonavicular Joint (between navicular and the three cuneiform bones)

49
Q

What type of joint are the Tarsometatarsal Joints? What bones are apart of them?

A 
Type
- synovial planar joints
Bones
- Distal group of tarsal bones
- Proximal end of metatarsal bones
50
Q

What type of joint are the Metatarsophalangeal Joints? what bones are a part of them?

A 
Type
- Synovial condyloid joints
Bones
- Distal end of the metatarsal bones
- Proximal end of the proximal phalanges
51
Q

What type of joints are the Interphalangeal Joints? What are the two kinds? what bones are involved?

A 
Type
- Synovial Hinge Joint
Kinds
- Proximal Interphalangeal
- Distal Interphalangeal
Bones
- The phalanges of the toes
- Big toe only has one Interphalangeal joint

CAPS 391 - Gross Human Anatomy (33 decks)

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