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Anatomy 1410 > Cardiovascular System Topic 7 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Topic 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the main functions of the cardiovascular system?

A
  • Gas transport, nutrients, hormones, waste

- Protection from disease and fluid loss (clotting)

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2
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

A
  • Epicardium
  • Myocardium
  • Endcardium
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3
Q

What tissue type is epicardium?

A

stratified squamous

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4
Q

What pattern is the mycardium arranged in?

A

spiral or circular pattern

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5
Q

what tissue type is the endcardium?

A

simple squamous

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6
Q

What are the 4 chambers + associated blood vessels of the endcardium?

A
  • Right atrium
  • Left Atrium
  • Right Ventricle
  • Left ventricle
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7
Q

What veins are associated with the Right Atrium?

A
  • Inferior vena cava

- Coronary sinus (posterior)

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8
Q

What veins are associated with the left atrium?

A

4 pulmonary veins

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9
Q

What arteries are associated with the right ventricle?

A

pulmonary trunk -> divides from 2 pulmonary arteries

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10
Q

What is associated with the left ventricle?

A

aorta

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11
Q

What does the interartrial septum separate?

A

separates artia

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12
Q

What does the interventricular septum separates?

A
  • separates ventricles

- deep to interventricular

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13
Q

What is the suleus?

A

A shallow groove

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14
Q

What are the 3 functions of the fibrous skeleton?

A
  • CT around the fibres + rings betweem artia
  • Allows openings to remain open at all times
  • Provides electrical insulation-Prevents simultanous contraction of atria and ventricles
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15
Q

What are the 2 types of artioventricular valves? (AV valves)

A
  • Bicuspid

- Tricuspid

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16
Q

What side are the tricuspid on and what are their function?

A
  • Left Side

- Prevent eversion of cusps

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17
Q

What attaches the tricuspid to papillary muscles?

A

Cordae tendinae (projections of myocardium)

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18
Q

What does the semilunar aortic valve separate?

A

separates left ventricle aorta

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19
Q

What does the semilunar pulmonary valve separate?

A

Right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

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20
Q

Why are cardiac muscles modified/specialized?

A

conduction system that generates electrical signals

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21
Q

What are the similarities between cardiac and skeletal muscle? 2

A
  • Striated

- has sacroplasmic reticulum and T-tubules

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22
Q

What are the differences between cardiac and skeletal muscle? 3

A
  • Branched (myfibrils with sacromeres)
  • Uninucleated - never more than 2
  • interculeated discs(region where two fibres meet contain anchoring gap junctions)
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23
Q

Do cardiac muscles contract?

A

NO

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24
Q

What tissue does cardiac tissue act like?

A

Nervous Tissue

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25
What are the 5 parts of the conduction system?
- Sinatrial node (SA) - Artventricular Node (AV) - AV bundle (bundle of HIS) - AV bundle branches - Parkinje fibres
26
Where are the AV nodes located?
base of right atrium
27
Where are the SA nodes located?
-In right atrium at base of superior vena cava
28
Which node impulses the fastest?
SA node-Sets pace
29
Where is the bundle of his located?
-Superior part of interventricular septum
30
What electrically connects atria to ventricles?
Bundle of HIS
31
What bundle goes to each ventricle?
AV bundles
32
What fibre is only located in ventricles?
Parkinje fibres
33
What is the path of contraction?
Conduction sys->contractile cells->then they contract
34
Why is the circulatory system "closed"?
blood confined to heart and blood vessels
35
What are the 2 routes of circulation?
- Pulmonary | - Systemic
36
What is the path of thee pulmonary circulation?
-RV to lungs via pulmonary arteries -> ends in the LA
37
Where is the deoxygenated blood flowing?
RV | Pulmonary Arteries
38
where is the oxygenated blood flowing?
- Capillaries in respiratory portions of lungs - Pulmonnary veins - LA
39
Where do organs remove oxygen?
-at capillaries
40
What are the subroutes of the systemic circulation?
- Cerebral - Hepatic - Coronary
41
Where does the fetus get O2, nutrients, and expel waster?
Mothers blood
42
Where is the exchange site between mother and fetus?
Placenta
43
Which vein carries oxygenated blood from placenta to vana cava?
umbilical vein
44
Which two organs are basically non functional in the fetus?
- Liver | - Lungs
45
What connects the umbilical vein to inferior vena cava?
Ductus venous
46
What does the ductus venous bypass?
Liver
47
In the fetus does oxy and deoxy blood mix?
Yes
48
What organ does the foramen ovule bypass?
the lungs
49
Where is the foramen ovule located?
hole in interatial septum
50
What are the parts of a blood vessel?
- Tunica externa - Tunica media - Tunica intima /interna - Lumen
51
What endothelium is the tunica intima/interna?
simple squamous epithilium
52
Where do arteries carry blood to?
Away from the heart
53
What are the 2 types of arteries?
- Elastic | - Muscular
54
What is an example of an elastic artery?
-aorta (arteries near the heart)
55
What type of artery are the biggest portion of arteries?
-Muscular arteries
56
What regulates blood flow and blood pressure?
Arterioles
57
Where are capillaries found?
Only in tunica intima - endothelium
58
What does the vein artery path look like?
Heart->Elastic Arteries->Muscular Arteries->Arterioles ->Capillaries->Venules->Veins->Heart
59
What percentage of blood is protein?
8%
60
What percentage of blood is water?
90%
61
The remaining 2% of blood. What is it composed of?
- Nutrients - Hormones - wastes - Electrolytes - Gases
62
What is another name for RBC?
erythrocytes
63
Whats the life span of a RBC?
120 days
64
What are the parts of the hemoglobin?
- Heme-Fe pigment =Red | - Globin-attatches and transports CO2
65
Whats another name for WBC?
leukocytes
66
What is the life span of a leukocyte?
days to years
67
What are the different types of granulocytes?
- Neutrophils - Eosinophils - Basophils
68
What are the different types of a granulocytes?
- Lymphocytes | - Monocytes
69
What are the formed elements portion of blood?
- RBC - WBC - Platelets - Hemophoeisis
70
What granulocyte is in charge of histamine release?
-Basophils
71
What granulocyte attacks parasites?
eosinophils
72
Which granulocyte is phagocytic?
Neutrophils
73
What are the 2 types of lymphocytes?
- T | - B
74
What do T-lymphocytes do?
kill infected diseased cells directly
75
What do B lymphocytes do?
become plasma cells->produce antibodies
76
When monocytes enter what do they become?
- Macrophages | - Phagocytes
77
What creates the clotting of blood?
platelets of red bone marrow- Megakaryocytes
78
Where do all blood cells arise from?
hemocytoblast
79
Where is red marrow found in an adult?
- Pelvic and pectoral girdles | - Proximal ends of the humerus and femur

Anatomy 1410 (17 decks)

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