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MEDA-110 and -115 > Cardiovascular: Vocabulary > Flashcards

Cardiovascular: Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

aorta

A

largest artery in the body

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2
Q

apex of the heart

A

lower tip of the heart

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3
Q

arteriole

A

small artery

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4
Q

artery

A

largest type of blood vessel that carries oxygen enriched blood away from the heart

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5
Q

atrioventricular bundle

A

specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles that transmits electrical impulses (bundle of His)

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6
Q

atrioventricular node

A

specialized tissue in the wall between the atria through which electrical impulses pass from the SA node to the bundle of His

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7
Q

atrium

A

an upper chamber of the heart

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8
Q

capillary

A

smallest blood vessel that is a pass through for delivering and gathering substances from the bloodstream

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9
Q

CO2

A

carbon dioxide gas which is released from body cells and transported via veins to the heart and then to the lungs to be exhaled

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10
Q

coronary arteries

A

blood vessels that branch off the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle

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11
Q

diastole

A

relaxation phase of the heartbeat

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12
Q

endocardium

A

innermost lining of the heart

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13
Q

endothelium

A

innermost lining of blood vessels

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14
Q

mitral valve

A

bicuspid valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

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15
Q

murmur

A

abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves

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16
Q

myodardium

A

muscular middle lining layer of the heart

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17
Q

pacemaker; sinoatrial node

A

specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat

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18
Q

pericardium

A

double-layered membrane surround the heart

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19
Q

pulmonary artery

A

artery that carries oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs

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20
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back

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21
Q

pulmonary valve

A

valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

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22
Q

pulmonary vein

A

one of two pairs of vessels that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

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23
Q

pulse

A

beat of the heart as felt through an artery wall

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24
Q

septum

A

wall dividing a cavity

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25
Q

sphygomomanometer

A

instrument to measure blood pressure

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26
Q

systemic circulation

A

flow of blood from the heart to body tissue and back

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27
Q

systole

A

contraction phase of the heartbeat

28
Q

tricuspid valve

A

valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle

29
Q

valve

A

structure in veins or the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in only one direction

30
Q

vein

A

thin-walled vessel that carries oxygen-poor blood from body tissues and oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart

31
Q

vena cava

A

largest vein in the body (superior and inferior)

32
Q

ventricle

A

lower chamber of the heart

33
Q

venule

A

small vein

34
Q

heart block

A

condition in which no impulses from the SA node reach the AV node and the ventricles contract out of sync with the atria

35
Q

flutter

A

rapid but regular contractions

36
Q

fibrillation

A

very rapid, random, inefficient and irregular contractions of the heart

37
Q

palpitations

A

uncomfortable sensations in the chest from missed heartbeats

38
Q

paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

A

irregular heartbeats occur episodically

39
Q

catheter ablation

A

minimally invasive treatment in which radiofrequency energy is delivered from the tip of a catheter that’s been inserted into the heart via a blood vessel to destroy tissue that causes arrhythmias

40
Q

coarctation of the aorta (CoA)

A

congenital condition which results in the narrowing of the aorta

41
Q

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

A

passageway between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open after birth

42
Q

septal defects

A

small holes in the wall between the atria or the ventricles

43
Q

tetralogy of Fallot

A

congenital malformation involving 4 heart defects: pulmonary artery stenosis, ventricular septal defect, shift of the aorta to the right, hypertrophy of the right ventricle

44
Q

congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

heart is unable to pump the required amount of blood

45
Q

acute coronary syndromes (ACSs)

A

conditions caused by myocardial ischemia such as unstable angina and myocardial infarction

46
Q

percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

A

catheterization with balloons and placing stents that remain open in clogged coronary arteries

47
Q

mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

A

improper closure of the mitral valve

48
Q

vegetations

A

clumps of platelets, clotting proteins, microorganisms, and red blood cells on diseased heart valves

49
Q

aneurysm

A

local dilation of an arterial wall

50
Q

Raynaud’s disease

A

recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes

51
Q

varicose veins

A

abnormally swollen and twisted veins caused by damaged valves that fail to prevent backflow

52
Q

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

blood clot forms in a large vein

53
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space

54
Q

embolus

A

clot or other substance that travels to a distant location and suddenly blocks a blood vessel

55
Q

patent

A

open

56
Q

thrill

A

vibration felt over an area of turmoil in blood flow like a blocked artery

57
Q

BNP test

A

measurement of brain natriuretic peptide in blood which is secreted when the heart is overloaded

58
Q

cardiac biomarkers

A

chemicals that are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack; troponin-I (cTnI) and troponin-T (cTnT)

59
Q

lipid tests

A

measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides

60
Q

lipoprotein electrophoresis

A

lipoproteins are physically separated and measure in a blood sample (LDL and HDL)

61
Q

digital subtraction angiography (DSA)

A

video equipment and computer that produces x-ray images of blood vessels before and after contrast is injected

62
Q

doppler ultrasound studies

A

use of sound waves to measure blood flow in vessels

63
Q

echocardiography (ECHO)

A

use of high frequency sound wave echoes to produce images of the heart

64
Q

Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)

A

type of MRI that produces highly detailed images of blood vessels

65
Q

endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery

66
Q

extracorporeal circulation

A

use of a heart-lung machine to oxygenate diverted blood while the heart is repaired; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)

67
Q

left ventricular assist device (LVAD)

A

booster pump that is implanted in the chest or abdomen with cannulae from the left ventricle to the ascending aorta

MEDA-110 and -115 (27 decks)

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