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Histology > Cartilage & Bone > Flashcards

Cartilage & Bone Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

cartilage

A

specialized form of fibrous CT

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2
Q

cartilage is avascular, meaning?

A

contains chondrocytes embedded in extracellular matrix; nutrients & waste pass through matrix

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3
Q

functions of cartilage

A

support soft tissues & guide development/growth of bones

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4
Q

3 types of cartilage?

A

hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

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5
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

location at articular ends of long bones, walls of respiratory system & ventral ends of ribs; in fetus until bone replaces it

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6
Q

hyaline cartilage matrix

A

amorphous ground substance with proteoglycan aggregates & chondronectin embedded type II collagen

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7
Q

proteoglycan aggregates

A

contains chondroitin & keratin sulfate & hyaluronic acid

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8
Q

chondronectin

A

glycoprotein in cartilage

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9
Q

territorial (capsular) matrix

A

area adjacent to chondrocytes thats poor in collagen but rick in glycosaminoglycans; very basophilic/metachromatic (PAS stain)

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10
Q

interterritorial (intercapsular) matrix

A

areas without staining

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11
Q

perichondrium

A

layer of dense irregular CT that surrounds hyaline cartilage except at articular surfaces

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12
Q

outer fibrous layer of perichondrium

A

contains type 1 collagen, fibroblasts, & blood vessels

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13
Q

inner cellular layer of perichondrium

A

contains chondrogenic cells which is a source of new cartilage cells

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14
Q

what provides the blood supply for avascular cartilage?

A

perichondrium

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15
Q

chondrocytes

A

mature cartilage cells embedded in lacunae in the matrix that make & maintain cartilage matrix

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16
Q

chondrocytes arise from?

A

chondrogenic cells into chondroblasts, which produce cartilage matrix

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17
Q

what cell is totally surrounded by matrix?

A

chondrocyte

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18
Q

isogenous groups

A

groups of 2-8 chondrocytes; when the cells divide they stay in the same lacunae

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19
Q

elastic cartilage

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A

matrix contains network of elastic fibers; perichondrium similar to hyaline; yellowish color

20
Q

where is elastic cartilage located?

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A

flexible support areas such as external ear, eustachian tube, epiglottis, & larynx

21
Q

elastic cartilage is _____ prone to degeneration than hyaline cartilage?

22
Q

fibrocartilage

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A

has no perichondrium, properties in between hyaline & dense CT

23
Q

what is fibrocartilage made of?

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A

alternating rows of fibroblast-derived chondrocytes & thick bundles of type 1 collagen fibers

24
Q

where is fibrocartilage found?

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A

where support & tensile strength are needed with hyaline cartilage, fibrous tissues; IV disks, articular disks, pubic symphysis, tendon/ligament insertions, knee joint menisci

25
what is bone?
specialized CT; calcified extracellular matrix with osteocytes embedded in matrix; main component of adult skeleton; supports tissues & organs; provides calcium reserve
26
bone matrix made of?
* inorganic (calcified) portion made of calcium, phosphate, bicarbonate, citrate, magnesium, potassium, & sodium; consists mostly of hydroxyapatite crystals; * organic portion made of type 1 collagen; ground substance made of chondroitin sulfate & keratan sulfate
27
primary bone
immature bone formed in fetal development & bone repair with low mineral content
28
secondary bone
mature & lamellar bone; 2 types compact & spongy
29
compact bone
dense, outer portion of bone; organized with outer circumferential lamellae below periosteum & inner circumferential lamellae adjacent to marrow cavity; middle bone organized into osteons
30
spongy bone
meshwork of trabeculae in bone interior
31
osteons
haversian canals connected with Volkmann's canals
32
bone periosteum
layer of noncalcified CT covering bone external surfaces except at synovial articulations;
33
what is bone periosteum made of?
outer fibrous dense collagenous layer & inner cellular (osteogenic) layer
34
what attaches periosteum to bone?
Sharpey's fibers (type 1 collagen)
35
what does periosteum do?
distributes blood vessels to bone
36
endosteum
thin specialized CT that lines marrow cavities & is a source of osteoprogenitor cells & osteoblasts for bone growth & repair
37
osteoprogenitor cells
inner layer of periosteum & endosteal cells that line marrow cavity; flat/spindle shaped; can differentiate into osteoblasts
38
osteoblasts
secretes collagen, ground substance, & osteiod; regulates mineralization of bone; cuboidal in shape; metabolically active
39
osteoid
unmineralized bone
40
osteocytes
maintain bone matrix & reside in lacunae; communicates with other osteocytes/blasts with canaliculi & gap junctions
41
osteoclasts
multinucleated cell thats acidophilic; macrophage activity; actively resorb bone & release lysosomes into extracellular space
42
howship's lacunae
depression in bone created by osteoclast for bone resorption by osteoclast
43
osteoporosis
decrease in bone mass due to decreased bone formation & increased bone resorption; occurs in old age (reduced secretion of growth hormone), immobile patients (lack of physical stress on bone), & postmenopausal women (diminished estrogen secretion)
44
osteomalacia
due to calcium deficiency in adults; deficient calcification of new bones & decalcification of old bones; severe in pregnancy due to loss of calcium to fetus
45
rickets
osteomalacia in children due to vitamin D deficiency & also calcium deficiency **deformation of bone spicules in epiphyseal plates ---> slow bone growth & bone deformation
46
acromegaly
excess pituitary growth hormone in adults; very thick bones in limbs & facial skeleton
47
paget's disease
osteitis deformans; bone remodeling doesn't function properly ---> abnormal bone, enlarged, brittle, prone to breakage

Histology (8 decks)

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