Case 6 Flashcards

Question

How does the parasympathetic nervous system slow heart rate

Answer 1

acethlcholine inhibits heart rate thus slowing it down

Answer 2

change heart rate AND rhythm

Answer 3

Outside is a bruit

Answer 4

vulnerability to tobacco dependence

Answer 5

After repeated use of nicotine, there is more activity at the acetylcholine receptors than usual because the receptors are being activated by both acetylcholine and nicotine. This change in balance causes the brain to “think” there is too much acetylcholine and react by reducing the number of receptors and releasing less acetylcholine into the synapse. The brain now needs nicotine to maintain normal functioning. Nicotine reduces the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system. It decreases the amount of AcH binding to nicotinic receptors thus less parasympathetic nervous system. These changes in the brain cause a nicotine user to feel abnormal when not using nicotine. In order to feel normal, the user has to keep his or her body supplied with nicotine. This is addiction. If the person stops using nicotine, the number of receptors and their sensitivity to acetylcholine will eventually be re-established, but only after some time.

Answer 6

1) induction of a hypercoagulable state (artery’s clogging and clot forming) 2) increased myocardial work; 3) carbon monoxide–mediated reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood; 4) coronary vasoconstriction; and 5) catecholamine release.

Answer 7

* Epinephrine: Most people know epinephrine by its other name—adrenaline. This hormone rapidly responds to stress by increasing your heart rate and rushing blood to the muscles and brain. It also spikes your blood sugar level by helping convert glycogen to glucose in the liver. (Glycogen is the liver’s storage form of glucose.) * Norepinephrine: Also known as noradrenaline, this hormone works with epinephrine in responding to stress. However, it can cause vasoconstriction (the narrowing of blood vessels). This results in high blood pressure.

Answer 8

High blood pressure makes heart muscle thicker and less effective. This allows fluid to build u in lower legs and ankles which causes them to swell up.

Answer 9

High blood pressure causes the adrenal cortex of the kidney to reduce Na thus water follows. However high BP thearteries supplying th kidneys are thicker thus kidneys think that BP has fallen causing the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone thus it absorbs Na thus water follows further raising BP

Answer 10

TIA (transient ischemic attack) ect

Answer 11

Total cholesterol 5mmol/L for healthy adult 4mmol/L for adult at high risk LDL 3mmol/L or less for healthy adults 2mmol/L or less for those at high risk Ratio is Total / HDL SHould be below 4

Answer 12

move nutrients and waste around and out of the bodys cells maintains pH

Answer 13

Extracellular fluid outside cells

Answer 14

cranial or sacral

Answer 15

cervical, thoracic or lumbar

Case 6 Flashcards

to make Jodie happy (45 cards)