case 7 medical conditions Flashcards
(33 cards)
what is angina
chest pain caused by reduced blood supply to the heart
what is important in the prescribing of longer acting nitrates
nitrate free period: tolerance can build if there is no nitrate free period, this can lead to eventually needing to use higher doses and therefore the increased risk of adverse reactions and side effects,
what is atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances (plaque) in the artery walls, leading to narrowed arteries and restricted blood flow. This buildup can result in serious complications such as heart attacks and strokes.
what is used to calculate a persons risk of having cardiovascular events in the next ten years
QRISK
What is rhabdomyolysis
adverse effect of statins where there is an increased level of creatine kinase leading to increased levels if creatnine upon muscle breakdown. This can accumulate and lead to AKI
what are the symptoms of rhabdomylysis
body pain
darker urine
which drug is associsted with a lower bleeding risk: enoxaparin, fondaparinux
fondaprainux
what does STEMI stand for
ST elevation myocardial infarction
what is the GRACE ACS used for
The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events
The GRACE score is used to estimate the risk of death or death/myocardial infarction (MI) in patients following an initial acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
the result is in the form of a probability of death in the patients current state.
what is troponin and what can it indicate
protein found in muscles such as the heart. reseased when the muscle is under stress. ir when the heart is damaged
which artery is responsible for a majority of the blood supply to the heart
left anterior artery
describe the relationship between ALP and GGT
- ALP/GGT: from biliary cells. ALP rise with normal GGT indicates bone disease, ALP and GGT rise indicates cholestasis, and normal ALP with raised GGT indicates excessive alcohol.
what is bilirubin
waste product if haemoglobin. Raised levels will lead to yellow-looking skin. The liver excretes it, so jaundice is an indicator of liver impairment.
what is CIWA-Ar for Alcohol Withdrawal tool used for
assessing the severity of alcohol withdrawal
what is Werneck’s encephalopathy
Wernicke’s encephalopathy is a life-threatening neurological condition caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1). It can lead to symptoms such as lack of muscle coordination, irregular eye movements, and confusion.
why is caution advised and a dose reduction needed with ramipril in hepatic impairment
ramipril is a prodrug - requires metabolism via liver. Hepatic impairment leads to lack of metabolism and accumulation of prodrug - toxicity
what is the risk of low potassium
Symptoms can range from mild to severe, including muscle weakness, fatigue, and heart complications.
what is liver cirrhosis
a condition where the liver is scarred and permanently damaged. it can be the result of excessive alcohol, drugs, or metabolic issues.
what is the risk with refeeding
if the body is refed too quickly it can be put under metabolic stress
what is the child-pugh score
indicated the need for transplant following liver cirrhosis by looking at the severity
what does high levels of citalopram do in liver impairment
raises ALT levels
what should be assessed before initiating an anti-platelet
bleeding risk
use inr
what does PCI stand for
percutaneous coronary intervention
eg. stent
what is ORBIT used for
to assess a patients bleed risk for atrial fibrillation
