Case studies - Globalisation Flashcards
(33 cards)
Early examples
Silk Road = A network of interlinking trade routes which were built from the 1st century BC. These connected Asia with Europe
Transport changes over time = steam, airport, railway, containers
Role of IGO’s
WTO
IMF
World Bank = Lends money on a global scale
Gives direct grants to developing countries
Trading Blocs
Voluntary international organisations that exist for trading purposes, bringing greater economic strength and security to the nations that join.
ASEAN = established in 1967, 10 member states with combined 660m population
EU = Uk joined in 1973 and left in 2020
Rapid growth due to globalisation
China and open door policy + TNC examples
Measuring globalisation
KOF = Measures the social, economic and political aspects of globalisation
Kearney index = It aims to look at how countries cope with population growth and a shrinking world
Switched off places
Sahel region = deprivation
North Korea = internet censorship
Migration
Economic elite/Low wage international migration
Migration controls
Australia = “white only” after WW2
Neocolonialism
China - Africa
Wealth and inequalities
Clarke Fischer model
Environmental impact = China and India (air pollution)
Post accession migration
Eastern Europeans to the UK after joining EU
Extremism
Reform, ISIS
Sustainability and ethical purchasing
UK government on recycling waste/plastic bag charges
Transition towns = Todmorden
Salisbury market = locally sourced produce
China
Open door policy = 1978
Showed an embrace for globalisation whilst under one party rule
400m people escaped poverty
Workshop of the world due to factory work
FDI = US$ 1.25 trillion between 2015 and 2025
Closed door approach to information = Google withdrew its services in 2010
Saudi Arabia
Changed national weekend to Friday and Saturday from Thursday and Friday to align with other countries
USA
deinsustrialisation = 1970/80s
Detroit affected = unemployment in 2019 was 8%
led to crime and switched on to illegal ‘global flows’
depopulation = Detroit lost 1.1m since 1950
Negative equity
Broken windows scenario
Megacity growth
Mumbai and Lagos
Mumbai and Lagos are experiencing rapid growth due to a combination of natural increase (more births than deaths) and high rates of rural-to-urban migration.
These cities offer better job opportunities, access to services, and potentially a higher standard of living, attracting people from rural areas and other parts of their respective countries.
M - 21.6m
L - 15.4m
challenges = environmental sustainability and social sustainability
Examples of low wage international migration
Indian workers moving to UAE
Filipino workers moving to Saudi Arabia
Cultural erosion affecting Bhutan?
Changes to the built and natural environments – Roads are being built, as more and more people get cars; there are plans for regional airports; electricity is beginning to arrive; employment in agriculture is falling and jobs in industry are becoming more common as hydropower projects are being built.
Changes to communities – Mass migration from rural areas to cities is causing loss of community vitality and breakdown of communities; exposure to tourists causes young people to desire more western lifestyles; monks using smartphones.
Impacts on ecosystems – Road networks are encroaching on forested areas.
Explain why globalisation results in cultural erosion in some parts of the world. (4 marks)
In Bhutan, culture and tradition has been retained for many years, but with pressure from tourism and the media, some of the younger generation are beginning to desire change (1). For example, new roads may be built to accommodate cars (1d).
In Papua New Guinea, isolated ethnic groups are being affected by western culture. For example, people are wearing t-shirts and drinking coca cola (1). A reason for this is that social goals such as health and education are becoming more important, which leads indigenous people to earn more money, often by hunting endangered species (1d).
negative consequences of global development
WTO membership has affected Pakistan negatively.
Indian trawlers now taking fish due to relaxed laws.
Unequal development.
Increasing gap between rich and poor, especially in countries with corrupt governments.
positive consequences of global development on physical environment
In Rio, used tyres created by industries are re-used to build homes and gardens.
Green technology developed in western countries spreads to developing countries.
negative consequences of global development on physical environment
Negative – In Nigeria, Shell has caused major oil spills. This has led to destruction of ecosystems.
Climate change linked to industrialisation and emissions of greenhouse gases.
London Melting pot
immigration, London has become a multicultural city, where one in three residents have been born abroad.
London is considered to be a melting pot, wherebynative Londoner’s mix with those of many backgrounds but are all united by the city’s common culture.
The city’s ethnically diverse population draws many to settle in London. What makes London so significant; is this cosmopolitan nature.
