Case Study

Question 1

Empirical Evidence

Answer 1

Knowledge gathered through research which allows for the confirmation, modification, or rejection of theories

Question 2

Theory

Answer 2

Theories allow us to explain and predict behaviours or events

Question 3

The ‘Big Five’ in the Trait Model of Personality

Answer 3

Neuroticism - It refers to the tendency to experience negative emotions such as anxiety, depression, anger, self-consciousness, and vulnerability. Individuals high in neuroticism are more likely to react emotionally to stressful situations, perceive threats more readily, and experience mood swings.

related to anxiety

Question 4

Mental Toughness

Answer 4

Personality characteristics that allow individuals to cope with stress and anxiety while remaining focused on competition demands

7 Keys of Mental Toughness: Buoyancy - The ability to effectively execute the required skills and processes in response to challenges and pressures of everyday life

Question 5

Self-efficacy

Answer 5

Belief in one’s capabilities to organize and execute actions required to achieve a goal

Question 6

Core Negative Emotions

Answer 6

Anxiety

Question 7

Micro Coping

Answer 7

Emotion-Focused Coping: Efforts directed at changing the emotional response without changing the transaction

Question 8

Macro Coping

Answer 8

Task-Oriented Coping: Thought control, relaxation, increased effort

Question 9

Somatic Anxiety
jen

Answer 9

• Physical Perceptions of body states
• HR, BP, and Muscle tension increase
• Frequent Urination and Perspiration

Question 10

What is Cognitive anxiety?
Dave and Jen

Answer 10

Distressing thoughts, images, disruption of cognitive processing system

Question 11

What is State Anxiety?
Dave and Jen

Answer 11

Associated with worries and apprehension
– May change from moment to moment

The statement implies that when individuals with high trait anxiety find themselves in situations where they are being evaluated, judged, or scrutinized by others (e.g., giving a presentation, competing in sports), they are more likely to experience heightened levels of anxiety compared to individuals with low trait anxiety who may not react as strongly to the evaluative aspect of the situation.

Question 12

What is Competitive Anxiety?
Dave and Jen

Answer 12

Associated with sport or competition
– Concerns about body, performance, skills, injury

Question 13

What is Social Anxiety?
Dave and Jen

Answer 13

Occurs during social situations
– Occurs when evaluations may happen

Question 14

Cusp Catastrophe Theory

What happens when When cognitive state anxiety is low?

dave

Answer 14

When cognitive state anxiety is low, the relationship between physiological arousal and performance is an inverted-U shape

Question 15

Cusp Catastrophe Theory

What happens when When physiological arousal is high?
Jen

Answer 15

When physiological arousal is high, elevations in cognitive state anxiety are associated with performance declines.

Question 16

What happens When cognitive state anxiety is high?

Jen

Answer 16

When cognitive state anxiety is high, increases in physiological anxiety can be positive for performance up until a point. ‘catastrophe’ point (choking point)

Question 17

Based on the Catastrophe Theory, when will performance be the best?

Answer 17

High cognitive anxiety but fairly low levels of physiological arousal should produce successful performances

Question 18

What is Choking in Sport?

Answer 18

Acute significant decrease in performances that occur in situations of high pressure or anxiety

Incorporates cognitive state anxiety and physiological arousal as they affect athletic performance