Motivation Part 1

Question 1

What is Motivation?

Answer 1

Question 2

What is the The Interactionist Approach of Motivation?

Answer 2

Question 3

What are the 5 Motivation Theories in Sports and Exercise?

Answer 3

1. Transtheoretical Model
2. Theory of Planned Behaviour
3. Social Cognitive Theory
4. Self-Determination
5. Achievement Goal Theory

Question 4

What is the Transtheoretical Model?
What are its Stages?

Answer 4

Individuals progress through 5 stages of change, plus Relapse or Stable Lifestyle
- Precontemplation Stage
- Contemplation Stage
- Preparation Stage
- Action Stage
- Maintenance Stage

Question 5

Give an Example of the Precontemplation Stage?

Answer 5

• Does not exercise, not contemplating exercise in the next 6 months
• May be demoralized about ability to change, defensive about social pressures, may be uninformed about health consequences of their current behaviour

Question 6

Give an Example of the Contemplation Stage?

Answer 6

• Not exercising; contemplating exercising in the next 6 months

Question 7

Give an Example of the Preparation Stage?

Answer 7

• Exercising, but not regularly enough (less than 3x/week)
• Activity is not frequent enough to confer major benefits
• Individuals have a plan of action and are exercising a little

Question 8

Give an Example of the Action Stage?

Answer 8

Has been exercising regularly (20min, 3x/week, but for less than 6 months)

Question 9

Give an Example of the Maintenance Stage?
What Happens Next?

Answer 9

• Has been exercising regularly for more than 6 months
• High intrinsic motivation for exercise
• Problems may include breaks due to injury, boredom, loss of focus

Relapse ->
Stable Lifestyle (once exercisers have exercised for 5 years)

Question 10

How do people move from one stage to the next?

Answer 10

• Self-efficacy
• Decisional balance
• Processes of change
  – Experiential or cognitive
  – Behavioura

Question 11

How can we Prevent Relapses?

Answer 11

• Expect and plan for lapses (e.g., scheduling alternative activities while on vacation).
• Develop coping strategies to deal with high- risk situations (e.g., relaxation training, time management, imagery).

Question 12

What is the Theory of Planned Behaviour?

Answer 12

TPB suggests that intentions are the primary predictors of behaviour

Intentions =
attitudes + subjective norms + perceived behavioural control

Question 13

Theory of Planned Behaviour

What is Behavioural attitude?

Answer 13

– Positive or negative beliefs about exercising
– e.g., belief that physical activity will enhance health, physical appearance, social interactions

Question 14

Theory of Planned Behaviour

What are Subjective Norms?

Answer 14

Subjective norm =
Your perception that others think exercise is positive +

Your motivation to comply with their opinion

Question 15

Theory of Planned Behaviour

What is Perceived Behavioural Control?

Answer 15

– Behaviour is perceived as voluntary (not forced)

– If individuals feel they have high perceptions of their ability to perform the behaviour, they are more likely to engage in the activity

Question 16

Theory of Planned Behaviour

How can we Measure Intention to Exercise?

Answer 16

• Attitude
• Perceived norm
• Perceived behavioural control
• ## Intentions

Question 17

What are Action Plans and Coping Plans?

Answer 17

Action plan:
Specify when, where, and how to implement an intended
behaviour

Coping plan:
Anticipate difficulties that might derail your physical activity plan and generate behavioural or cognitive responses to overcome them