Case study - London Flashcards
CUE (29 cards)
Why is London signifcant?
London is the Capital and most populous city in the UK
What was Londons population in 2019
The greater london authority reported that the population had topped 8.9million
What is Londons population expected to reach by 2050?
11 million
What is the history of London?
Londons history stretches back to the roman times when it was named Londonin
Developed as a port around navigable river thames (trade)
Seat of political power and Government
Despite leaving eu in 2018 institutes for urban stratergies ranked London first in global power city index
London economically
Global financial centre with a growing reputation as a technlogical hub and top rankings software and multimedia development
Reputation as an economic powerhouse means its particuraly succesful in attracting international direct investment
Education
Performs very well globally in terms of number of people in higher education, quality of universities and libraries
Cosmopolitcan metropolis
How cosmopolitcan is London?
including people from many different countries
- More than 300 langauges spoken
- at least 50 in-dingeous communities with populations of 10,000 or more
- Virtually every race,religion, nation, culture in the world can claim at least a handful of londoners
- According to the World cities culture forum London is seen as one of the most cosmopolitican and tolerant cities in the world attracting a large diversity of people (from activits to business leaders, intellectuals to fashionistas)
- Major centre for art forums including music and dance - leading museums are the most visited in the world
Why is London one of the MOST VISITED cities in the world?
History, Culture, Art, Heritage
The signifcance of the 2012 olympic games
Further raised the profile of London as a world city and led to huge redevelopment of formely run down areas
Physical landscape of London
- Located in the South East of England
- River Thames (trade)
- Business, Housing, Hotels, offices, Stores
- Brownfield land - previoulsy developed land
Londons urbanisation
- London experienced rapid urbanisation between 1800s and 1940s
- Main causes rapid migration, high fertility rates due to Londons location and industrilisation
- Urban inequality - lack of affordable housing urban sprawl urban pollution traffic congestion lack of adaptuable services
Londons Suburbanisation
- Resulted in Green Belt Act (preventing any further urbanisation and restore rural green spaces)
- Began in late 19th century due to improvements in transport, higher income drew people to outer boroughs
Counterubranisation London
- Began in 1950s due to icncreased mobility and urban challenges
Ubran resurgence in London
- Battersea power station
Londons economic importance
UK largest and wealthiest in 21st century gap between wages IN CITY and elsewhere
Generates around 22% of uks gdp even thoough only 12.5% of POPULATION!
1/3 OF UNIS AND 1/3 OF UKS STUDENT POPULATION
LONDON IS A WORLD CITY - financial centre
Canary wharf
TNCS HQ
presigious equity market
Londond technological
Good access by air - cigy aiprots in gatwick
Great communication links - hs2 and crossrail
Centre of R and D and growing reputation as tech hub
Londons importance political
Narional seat of democratic gvot
Host to HQ of major international governing bodies
Govt ambitions at national and local level
Cultural london importance
Centre of excellence in arts and entertainement
Rich heritage history back to roman times
Numerous worl famous musuems and galleries
300 langauages
Enviromental importance in ldn
47% of city = greenspace
London became the worlds first national park city through ambitious irban greening programmes
Urban change in london
1950s decline of older craft based manu in the inner parts was concealed by continued growth of industries
Urban change led to rapid population growth increased diverity and improved connectivity
Docklands economic opportunities have blossomed with over 100k people employed in cws in 1950s
Urban greening efforts towards greening the city have led to enviromental opps
UK service sector has increased from 46% in 1948
Socio-economic well-being in london
London is the economic powerhouse of the uk - 1/3 OF THE COUNTRIES ENTIRE WEALTH
2.1 Million in poverty nearly 1m privatley rented housing sector
3.% in poverty has however decreased frpm 29-27% over last 16 years
4.21% of employees paid LESS than LDN LIVING WAGES
5.LDNS infant mortality rates fallen by AROUND 40%
6.7/10 in temporary accomodation
7.Inner ldn has expeirenced a decline in segreation
8.Net increase of 6700 affordable homes in 2015/2016 is less than 40% of the target
9.In 2015 ldn fairness comission reported that poverty £1 of welath owened by bottom 10% of londons household - top 10% owns 171
Londons poverty
Wealth inequality is more moved than income inequality in london
Top 10% of ldners recieve nearly 30% of income but own just over 50% of the total wealth
Bottom 50% recieve nearly 25% of income and only 5% total wealth
8% of adults reicieve out fo work benefits decrease from 12% in 2013
7/10 households in temp housing over 80% children
Poorest lack of leisure fear of crime and gang violence overcorewded high rise flats income spent on rent long commutes respirartory problems
Enviromental problems in london
In the first half of the 20thc smog was major problem now has improved - ldn particulate
Intrdouction of cleam air act 1956 - green roofs, greener buses, ulez, tax age limits reducec co2 levels and emissions
5.3% of all deaths to do with air pollution (25 and over) cbd of london is already 10 degrees warmer than rual areas temps are rising climate change means wetter higher threat of flooding )sewers in winters)
6.Air nitrogen dioxide levels still breach eu limits with the boroughs of kengsition and chelease having most deaths londons uhi due to air pollution in centre up ldn up to 10 degrees warmer in central av summer temps preidtced to warm furtehr summer heat waves pose threats to homes workplaces and public transport negative affec on health greater consumption of water and energy - london cc partnership has suggested that high demand on londons power supply may lead to brownouts due to high cooling demand and increases in electiricty demand for cooling could negativley affect londons sustainabiity
7.Flooding tidal, , ricers sufrace sewer gw cc wetter winters frequwnt hevay dwonpoors and rising sea levels higher tidal surges
8.15% of ldn on on the floodpaid protected by flood defences
9.residential areas and infrastructure londons rely on 45 railway stations, 75 tubes, 10 hospitals the thanems esturary 21000 project is the reponse to the risk of flooding
Enviromental strategries in london
