Water and carbon cycle

Question 1

A system

Answer 1

A useful type of model showing different components and the links between them

Question 2

Why is a system important?

Answer 2

A systems approach helps us to understand the relationships between the physical and human world
Also helps to understand how change in one part of a system can impact elsewhere
E.g. Water cycle, Carbon cycle, Coastal system

Question 3

Open system

Answer 3

Open system is a series of inputs, stores, flows and outputs with energy and matter both passing through and entering and leaving the system

Question 4

Closed system

Answer 4

A closed system is a system that transfers energy but not matter across its bpundary and to the sorrounding enviroment

Question 5

Sub system

Answer 5

A sub-system is a smaller, distinct part of a larger system that functions as a component within it.

Question 6

Cascading system

Answer 6

Cascading systems refers to the interrelationships between the earths major sub systems

Question 7

Dynamic equlibrium

Question 8

Positive feedback

Answer 8

When the effects of an action are amplified by the changes to inputs/outputs/processess

Question 9

Examples of positive feedback

Answer 9

Burning more fossil fuels, INCREASE in co2, in

Question 10

Negative feedback

Answer 10

When the effects of an action are nulified or neutralised by the changes to an input/output/processess promoting stability and state of equlibirium

Question 11

Examples of negative feedback

Question 12

Hydrosphere

Answer 12

The hydrosphere includes all water on earth
Liquid, solid, gas form
Saline (96.5% or fresh water (2.5%)

Question 13

Atmosphere

Answer 13

The enevlope of gases sorrounding the earth of another planet

Question 14

Biosphere

Answer 14

The part of the planet occupied by all living things
CONTAINS: 0.0012% OF ALL CARBON

Question 15

Lithosphere

Answer 15

Rigid outerpart of the earths crust and mantle >99.9%

Question 16

Cascading system

Question 17

Water cycle

Answer 17

The water cycle refers to the recyling and transferring of all water on earth
Open system on a local scale
Closed system on global scale

Question 18

Key points about wc

Question 19

Precipitation

Answer 19

Water released from clouds in the form of rain freezing rain, sleet or snow

Question 20

Interception

Answer 20

The process by which water held on the surface of leaves branches, and trunks during and after rainfall is directly evaporated back up into the atmosphere

Question 21

Soil moisture

Answer 21

The amount of water present within the soil

Question 22

Percolation

Answer 22

The process by which water moves through the soil and rock layers beneath the surface enters permable rocks

Question 23

Soil storage

Answer 23

All water stored within the soil

Question 24

Infiltration

Answer 24

Infiltration is the process by which water enters and moves through the soil or porous surface layers from the ground surface.

Question 25

Ground water

Answer 25

Water stored deep within the ground that infiltrates into the subsurface

Question 26

Ground water storage

Answer 26

The storage of water in underground permable rock strata e.g. Aquifers

Question 27

Throughflow

Answer 27

The lateral unsatured flow of water through the soil typically thrpugh highly permable rock and in the sporadic holitical flow of water

Question 28

Surface run-off

Answer 28

The flow of water over the ground surface anf occurs when soil cannot absorb the water fast enough or the ground is fully saturated

Question 29

Transpiration

Answer 29

The process at which plants lose water through ecaporaion from their leaves and stem

Question 30

Evaporation

Answer 30

The process by which liquid water turns into water vapour

Question 31

Aquifers

Answer 31

A body of rock and or sediment that holds ground water

Question 32

Fossil aquifers

Question 33

Saline aquifers

Question 34

Soil water budget

Answer 34

The soil water budget graph shows the relationship between precipitation and evapotranspiration across the months of the year

Question 35

Residence time

Answer 35

The amount of water stored within a water store divided by either the rate of addition of water to the store or rate of loss from it

Question 36

Water table

Question 37

Reasons water doesnt remain in soil for long?

Question 38

Role of crysopheric processess in water cycle stores

Question 39

Permafrost

Question 40

Latent heat

Question 41

Evaporation

Question 42

Condensation

Question 43

Sublimation

Question 44

Ablation

Question 45

Depostion

Question 46

Freezing

Question 47

ITCZ zone

Question 48

Convectional rainfall

Question 49

Frontall rainfall

Question 50

Releif rainfall orographic

Question 51

When does evaporation occur and what does the role depend on

Question 52

Condensation

Question 53

Formation of clouds

Question 54

Impact of climate change on crysophere

Question 55

Impact of climate change on hydosphere

Question 56

Impact of climate change on atmosphere

Question 57

Impact of climate change on lithosphere

Question 58

Factors affecting the water cycle on a local scale

Question 59

Drainage basin

Question 60

Inputs to dbs

Question 61

Stores of dbs

Question 62

Flows of dbs

Question 63

Outputs of dbs

Question 64

Water balance

Question 65

Water balance calc

Question 66

Soil water budget graph

Question 67

Positive water balance

Question 68

Negative water balance

Question 69

Field capacity

Answer 69

Field capacity is the point at which the soil is saturated and water can no longer infiltrate

Question 70

Soil Moisture surplus

Question 71

Soil moisture deficit

Question 72

Soil moisture recharge

Question 73

Soil moisture utilisation

Question 74

River discharge

Question 75

River regime

Answer 75

The river regime refers to the changes in the river discharge over the course of a year in response to a number of factors

Question 76

UK rainfall

Question 77

Flood hydrograph

Question 78

Base flow

Question 79

Rising limb

Question 80

Falling limb

Question 81

Lag time

Question 82

Peak discharge

Question 83

Flashy hydrograph

Question 84

Physical factors affecting flood hydrograph

Question 85

How does climate affect water cycle

Question 86

geology and releif on cycle

Question 87

vegetation?

Question 88

Landuse

Question 89

Land use change

Question 90

Agriculture

Question 91

Irrigation

Question 94

Adiabatic cooling

Answer 94

Adibatic cooling is the process of reducing heat through a change in air pressure cuased by volume expansion