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AQA A-Level Physical Geography > 🌋Case Study - Philippines Multihazardous > Flashcards

🌋Case Study - Philippines Multihazardous Flashcards

1
Q

What hazards does the Philippines endure?

A

Droughts
Earthquakes
Floods
Tropical Storms
Volcanoes
Wildfires

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2
Q

What is the most frequent hazard event in the Philippines?

A

Tropical cyclones

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3
Q

What percentage of all disasters in South East Asia occur in the Philippines?

A

30%

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4
Q

Where does the Philippines rank on the list of most exposed countries in the world?

A

8th

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5
Q

How many volcanoes does the Philippines have?

A

220

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6
Q

How many typhoons does the Philippines have a year?

A

Around 20, 5-7 of which are destructive

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7
Q

What are floods triggered by?

A

Frequent typhoons

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8
Q

What is the annual damage expected to cost?

A

£3 million

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9
Q

What is the NDCC?

A

The National Disaster Co-ordinating Council

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10
Q

How is climate change affecting the Philippines?

A

It is seeing longer periods of drought and El Nino, causing a drop in agricultural production and GDP

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11
Q

What has increased as a result of declining forest cover in the Philippines?

A

Flash flooding and landslides

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12
Q

What does the NDCC do?

A

It is responsible for disaster preparedness, prevention and mitigation, an inter agency organisation

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13
Q

How is the UNDP involved in the Philippines?

A

It is involved in hazard mapping and assessing the impacts of hydro-meteorological hazards

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14
Q

What is PHIVOLCS?

A

An institution dedicated to providing information on activity of volcanoes, earthquakes and tsunamis in the Philippines

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15
Q

Why does the Philippines experience volcanic hazards?

A

It is on the boundary between the Eurasian and Philippine Plates

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16
Q

How have people histroically adapted their homes to cope with disaster?

A

Building them out of palm and bamboo so that they were easily rebuilt and less likely to injure people in earthquakes and storms

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17
Q

What do Philippine farmers focus on?

A

Reduction of crop loss rather than efficiency or yield due to famine

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18
Q

How do farmers help to minimise crop losses?

A

By encouraging crop diversity so that there is secure food source during times of climatic change

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19
Q

What types of plants are commonly planted in the area?

A

sweet potato, garlic and onions as they grow underground so are usually unaffected by events above ground

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20
Q

How many people were killed by the 1991 Pinatubo eruption?

A

Between 900 and 1000

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21
Q

How have communities in the Philippines adapted?

A

More self reliant
Dependent on their own resources
Less likely to look to the government for help

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22
Q

What can happen at the plate boundary?

A

The plates can become locked as the Philippine plate is subducted

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23
Q

What was set up in 2009?

A

The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council

24
Q

What does the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council do?

A

Responsible for ensuring the protection and welfare of people during disasters

25
Q

What was produced in 2018?

A

A comprehensive hazard risk management handbook, it was distributed widely

26
Q

Which organisations does the Philippines have partnerships with?

A

The Red Cross
Federal Agricultural Organisation
ActionAid
Asian Development Bank

27
Q

Why does the Philippines location make it vulnerable to so many natural disasters?

A

Lies on Pacific belt
Earthquakes, volcanoes, etc

28
Q

Name some of the hazards it’s exposed to

A

Drought
Seismic Activity
Epidemic
Flood
Insect Infestation
Storms
Volcanoes
Wildfires

29
Q

How much of the land is exposed to hazards?
How much of the population is this?

A

60%
74% of the population

30
Q

Resilience: How are the community resilient?

A

Fatalism
Used to coping with aftermath
Worth risk i.e. fertile soils
Prepare- stockpile food, widen rivers to reduce flood risk

31
Q

Adaptation: 4 main ways to adapt

A

Building Codes
Early Warning Systems
READY
Building Embankments

32
Q

Adaptation: Building Codes

A

Better quality, cope with hazards i.e. stilts for flooding
But many residents live in informal accommodation

33
Q

Adaptation: Early Warning Systems

A

Doppler Radars
Accurate weather forecasts, improves typhoon warning

34
Q

Adaptation: READY

A

Funded by AusAID
Establish hazard maps- don’t build in high risk areas etc.

35
Q

Adaptation: Building Embankments

A

Reduces flood risk
From tsunamis, storms surge

36
Q

Mitigation: 3 organisations

A

National Disaster Coordinating Council
Department of Education
TV Campaigns

37
Q

Mitigation: National Disaster Coordinating Council

A

Responsible for preparedness, prevention, mitigation
Utilises calamity fund
Ensures all agencies follow same plan
Engages public through workshops

38
Q

Mitigation: Department of Education

A

Cover disaster preparedness in curriculum
Helps spread awareness

39
Q

Mitigation: TV Campaigns

A

Spreads information on disaster awareness
Not all disaster prone areas have TVs

40
Q

Management: Local Government

A

. Speak on behalf of residents
. First responder in emergency
. Get advice on how to improve hazard response
. Educated on how to interpret hazard maps and weather forecasts
. Makes use of resources to protect population

41
Q

Management: How much of local government income set aside for post disaster relief, reconstruction, mitigation?

A

5%
Don’t have to submit a report on how it’s used
Difficult to evaluate effectiveness

42
Q

How many islands make it up?

A

7000

43
Q

How large is the vulnerable population?

A

98 million

44
Q

GDP and what does this mean?

A

Only $4700 per year so mitigation spending is limited

45
Q

What is plate zone like?

A

Located on a destructive plate zone + subduction zone

46
Q

How many deadly earthquakes occurred between 1900 and 2011, how many were killed and how much was the damage?

A

22 deadly earthquakes killing over 9500 people and causing $230 million in damage

47
Q

What type of volcano?

A

Stratocone volcano

48
Q

Cost of eruption damage since 1900?

A

$2.3 billion

49
Q

How many deadly volcanos have there been since 1900?

A

22

50
Q

Tropical storm example

A

Typhoon Haiyan

51
Q

How many storms since 1900?

A

257

52
Q

Why doesn’t the government protect against all hazards?

A

. Not possible to protect against all hazards due to high frequency + different hazard types
. Don’t have the money
. One protection measure against a hazard may encourage another

53
Q

What did the Management Act of 2010 shift

A

The government’s focus from emergency relief to disaster risk reduction and prevention

54
Q

The climate experiment project

A

. Software that calculates the % chance of rain (PCOR)
. Uses infrared and water vapor satellite image data
. Uses Doppler Radar data and statistical evaluation of historical rainfall

55
Q

Philippine Geoportal

A

Advocates the use of standard multi-scale base maps for strategic planning, decision making, situational analysis and other common requirements

AQA A-Level Physical Geography (28 decks)

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