Castration

Question 1

Why is a teaser surgery performed?

Answer 1

To detect or aid in the identification of estrus to allow females to be bred by males of greater genetic material

Question 2

What is a ‘ridgling’ or ‘high flanker’?

Answer 2

Cryptorchid

Also ‘rig’ or ‘original’

Question 3

What is the removal of a segment of the ducuts deferens called?

Answer 3

Vasectomy

Question 4

In addition to pregnancy, what does a non-entry teaser prevent?

Answer 4

Dissemination of STDs

Question 5

In which species can the urethral process be removed if calculi are lodged there?

Answer 5

Sheep

Question 6

Where is uethral obstruction most common in the steer?

Answer 6

Distal sigmoid flexure

Question 7

If warrented, at what age is castration indicated for horses? Farm animals?

Answer 7

Horse: 1-1.5 years

Farm animals: 10-14 days

Question 8

What type of emasculatome only crushes?

Answer 8

Pincer emasculatome (Burdizzo)

Question 9

Incision of what changes a castration from closed to open?

Answer 9

Vaginal tunic

Out-pouching of peritoneal lining

Question 10

What type of emasculator is this?

a. Reimer
b. Plain
c. Burdizzo
d. Serra
e. White
f. Hausmann

Answer 10

b Plain

Question 11

What type of emasculator is this?

a. Reimer
b. Plain
c. Burdizzo
d. Serra
e. White
f. Hausmann

Answer 11

e. White

Question 12

What type of emasculator is this?

a. Reimer
b. Plain
c. Burdizzo
d. Serra
e. White
f. Hausmann

Answer 12

Reimer

Question 13

What type of emasculator is this?

a. Reimer
b. Plain
c. Burdizzo
d. Serra
e. White
f. Hausmann

Answer 13

f. Hausmann
* Smaller than the others*

Question 14

Which type of emasculator is best for gelding horses in standing position?

Answer 14

Serra modified

Question 15

T/F: Double ligation when removing the testicle decreases the risk of infection.

Answer 15

False, increases risk

Question 16

Which cells nourish spermatozoa? Which cells produce androgens?

Answer 16

Sertoli nourish

Leydig produce hormones

Question 17

At birth, foal testis are located in the __________.

Answer 17

Inguinal canal

In scrotum in 1-2 weeks

Question 18

What are 2 consequences of cryptorchidism?

Answer 18

Reduced sperm production

Aggressive behavior

Question 19

What are the 3 forms of cryptorchidism?

Answer 19

Inguinal

Abdominal

Incomplete abdominal

Question 20

Which form of cryptorchidism (including the side) is most common in horses?

Answer 20

Left-sided abdominal

Question 21

Is bilateral or unilateral cryptorchidism more common?

Answer 21

Unilateral

Question 22

Does inguinal cryptorchidism more common on the left or on the right?

Answer 22

Right

Abominal= Left; Left testicle is larger so it stays in the abdomen more often

Question 23

Why is it difficult to diagnose an abdominal cryptorchid testicle on rectal palpation?

Answer 23

It is small and soft

Question 24

What is used for the hormonal assay diagnosis of cryptorchidism? What is measured?

Answer 24

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

Testosterone

Question 25

T/F: Cryptorchidism can resolve but it may take up to 1 year wthout treatment.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

What is the most common surgical approach for a cryptorchidectomy?

Answer 26

Dorsal recumbency ## Footnote *Under GA*

Question 27

Which testicle should be removed first when castrating a unilateral ridgling?

Answer 27

The retained testicle ## Footnote *Abort sx if can't find it*

Question 28

What should you find when trying to locate an inguinally retained testicle? Where will you find it?

Answer 28

Gubernaculum At the cranial medial edge of the inguinal ring *Fibrous structure*

Question 29

What is septic funiculitis?

Answer 29

**Scirrhous cord formation-** a complication that can occur after castration; chronic, low-grade staphylococcal **infection** that results in formation of abscesses and fibrous tissues ## Footnote *Champignon= Strep infection*

Question 30

T/F: Castration is the most frequently performed surgery in horses.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Water seed is a possible complication of castration. What is this?

Answer 31

A hydrocele or vaginocele which forms after castration, possibly months to years after, which is more common after an open castration ## Footnote *A fluid-filled painless swelling*

Question 32

How is scirrhous cord formation treated?

Answer 32

Surgery

Question 33

What does it mean for a horse to be 'Proud cut'?

Answer 33

He is exhibiting continued masculine behavior after castration Due to retention of epididymal tissue

Question 34

What do you do if you incise the corpus cavernosum penis during castration?

Answer 34

Surgically reappose the tunic to prevent further complications

Question 35

T/F: Post-castration eventration can occur up to 6 days post-op and is most often the small intestine.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

How many cells/uL and for how many days indicate post-castration peritonitis?

Answer 36

\>100,000 cells/ uL for 5 days

Question 37

What is a "false rig"?

Answer 37

A gelding with stallion-like behavior

Question 38

T/F: Persistent masculine behavior after castration can be learned behavior, especially in older animals.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

What is the fetal mesenchymal attachment from the caudal aspect of the fetal testis to the scrotum?

Answer 39

The gubernaculum

Question 40

What is the slit in the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique muscles called?

Answer 40

The superfiical inguinal ring

Question 41

Geldings generally have a serum testosterone concentration of how many pg/mL?

Answer 41

\<40

Question 42

What are the cranial, caudal, and ventromedial borders of the deep inguinal ring?

Answer 42

Caudal edge of the internal abdominal oblique muscle The pelvis and inguinal ligament The rectus abdominis muscle and prepubic tendon