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Honors Chemistry > Causes of Change > Flashcards

Causes of Change Flashcards

1
Q

Temperature and heat are different but related _________ properties.

A

physical

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2
Q

If a sample has a ________ temperature than its surrounding, energy is transferred from the sample.

A

higher

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3
Q

If the temperature of the sample is _______ than its surroundings, energy is transferred to the sample.

A

lower

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4
Q

The energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures is ________

A

heat

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5
Q

The _____ of a sample is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample

A

temperature

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6
Q

The temperature of a sample does not depend on the amount of the sample, therefore temperature is a ___ property

A

intensive

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7
Q

In contrast, heat is a________ property, which means that the amount of energy transferred as heat depends on the amount of the sample.

A

extensive

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8
Q

The total energy content of a sample is its ______, and is represented by the symbol H.

A

enthalpy

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9
Q

The SI temperature unit is _____

A

Kelvin

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10
Q

A kelvin is the same temperature interval as a degree________

A

Celsius

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11
Q

What is energy?

A

The ability to do work or produce heat

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12
Q

What is potential energy?

A

the energy due to the composition or position of an object

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13
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

Energy of motion

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14
Q

What is a calorie?

A

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of pure water by one degree celsius

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15
Q

What is specific heat?

A

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of that substance by one degree Celsius

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16
Q

What is thermochemistry?

A

The branch of science concerned with the energy(heat) changes that accompany chemical and phase changes

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17
Q

What is a system?

A

The specific part of the universe that contains the reaction or process

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18
Q

What is enthalpy?

A

the heat content of a system at constant pressure

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19
Q

What is molar enthalpy?

A

The energy change for 1 mole of a pure substance

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20
Q

What is a thermochemical equation?

A

A balanced chemical equation that includes the physical states of all reactants, products, and the energy change

21
Q

What is calorimetry?

A

Used to measure the energy released or absorbed from a reaction by measuring a change in temperature of a standard liquid and setting the enthalpy equal to the reaction change

22
Q

What is standard enthalpy (heat) of formation?

A

The enthalpy change in forming 1 mole of a substance from elements in their standard states

23
Q

What is entropy?

A

A measure of the number of possible ways that the energy of a system can be distributed

24
Q

What factors increase entropy?

A

When the particles’ freedom of movement increases, dissolving a solid, increasing the volume, increasing the energy, reducing the pressure

25
Q

What is Gibbs Free Energy?

A

Energy that is available to do work

26
Q

What would be the effect on the particles if more heat is supplied to the system?

A

They would speed up

27
Q

The total energy of all the particles in a substance is called:

A

thermal energy

28
Q

For a skillet, used for cooking, do you want a high or low specific heat

A

Low, so that it will change temperature quickly

29
Q

If two objects have different temperatures when they come in contact, heat will flow from the warmer object to the cooler one UNTIL ____________

A

they both have an equal temperature

30
Q

Calorimeters use insulating materials to:

A

prevent heat from escaping into the environment

31
Q

What is the SI unit for energy?

A

Joule

32
Q

Define exothermic reaction.

A

A chemical reaction that releases energy through heat or light

33
Q

Entropy is:

A

disorder; delta S

34
Q

If Delta G is small and positive,

A

The reverse reaction is spontaneous and the system is near equilibrium

35
Q

T or F: The entropy of a gas increases with increasing temperatures.

A

True

36
Q

What is 1 Calorie equal to?

A

1000 calories or 1kcal

37
Q

A temperature difference taken between two objects has ______ numerical value in Kelvin and in degrees Celsius

A

the same

38
Q

Heat is measured in :

A

joules

39
Q

Kelvin temperature = celsius temperature + _________

A

273.15

40
Q

The products of an _______ reaction have an energy higher than that of the reactants.

A

Endothermic

41
Q

In endothermic reactions, delta H has a _______ value

A

positive

42
Q

A chemical reaction occurs if it is accompanied by a(n) ________ in Gibbs energy.

A

decrease

43
Q

According to the expression for delta G, the ________ the temperature for a positive entropy change, the greater the chances are that the reaction will be spontaneous.

A

higher

44
Q

Free energy is zero at _______

A

equilibrium

45
Q

The entropy of a substance _____ with temperature.

A

increases

46
Q

____ have greater standard entropies than liquids

A

Gases

47
Q

____ have the most freedom to move, so their standard entropies are the greatest

A

Gases

48
Q

The property of a system that makes a process occur consists of two driving forces, a tendency toward the greatest _______ state and a tendency toward the lowest ____ state.

A

entropy, enthalpy

49
Q

The quantity of entropy possessed by 1 mole of a substance is called ___

A

standard molar entropy

Honors Chemistry (23 decks)

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