Chapter 2 Review

Question 1

what is the capacity to do work?

Answer 1

energy

Question 2

The change in matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties is a _____ change

Answer 2

physical

Question 3

A change that occurs when one or more substances change into new substances with different properties is a ______ change

Answer 3

chemical

Question 4

A change in matter in which energy is absorbed is a(an) _______ process

Answer 4

endothermic

Question 5

A change in matter in which energy is released is a(an) _______ process

Answer 5

exothermic

Question 6

To freeze a substance, energy must be ____ from the substance

Answer 6

removed

Question 7

Energy must be added to a solid to melt it. This addition gives the particles ___ energy allowing them to move out of the crystalline structure.

Answer 7

heat

Question 8

state the law of conservation of energy

Answer 8

the total energy of an isolated system cannot change; can only change from form to form

Question 9

What is heat?

Answer 9

The energy transferred between objects that are different temperatures. Always transferred from high to low temperatures

Question 10

Define temperature

Answer 10

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object

Question 11

What is the difference between temperature and heat?

Answer 11

Temperature is how hot or cold something is. Heat is energy transferred between two objects at different temperatures

Question 12

What is the celsius conversion equation?

Answer 12

C= K-273

Question 13

What is the kelvin conversion equation?

Answer 13

K= C+273

Question 14

Define specific heat.

Answer 14

The energy is takes to raise 1 gram of of the substance by 1 degree Celsius

Question 15

What is the difference between accuracy and precision?

Answer 15

Accuracy is how close a measurement or set of measurements are to the true value. Precision is the exactness of a measurement.

Question 16

What is a model?

Answer 16

A model is a tool in science used to help describe objects, systems, or ideas that are too large, too small, too complex, too expensive, or too dangerous to experiment with directly

Question 17

Why are models useful in chemistry?

Answer 17

Chemists use models to try and explain their observations as they formulate theories

Question 18

law of conservation of mass

Answer 18

the products of a chemical reaction have the same mass as the reactants

Question 19

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 19

a reasonable and testable explanation of observations

Question 20

What is the scientific law?

Answer 20

a well-tested explanation for a phenomenon based on observation, experimentation, ad reasoning

Question 21

What are the fundamental procedures in the scientific method?

Answer 21

observe, ask a question, form a hypothesis, experiment, analyze data, conclusion, report findings

Question 22

When performing an experiment, why is it important to have control?

Answer 22

Controls allow the experimenter to minimize the effects of factors other than the one being tested.

Question 23

What is a variable?

Answer 23

a factor in a scientific experiment that may be subject to change

Question 24

Why is it important to publish the results of research findings?

Answer 24

It provides instructions so that other researchers can repeat the experiment or build on it to verify and confirm the results.

Question 25

potential energy

Answer 25

the energy started within a system

Question 26

kinetic energy

Answer 26

the energy of an object that is due to the object’s motion

Question 27

endothermic reaction

Answer 27

process in which heat is being absorbed from the environment

Question 28

exothermic reaction

Answer 28

a system releases heat into the environment

Question 29

what is science?

Answer 29

an attempt to explain how things in the natural world work

Question 30

independent variable

Answer 30

the variable the experimenter chooses to change

Question 31

dependent variable

Answer 31

changes in response to the manipulated variable

Question 32

theory

Answer 32

an attempt to explain the cause of something in the natural world

Question 33

define law

Answer 33

describes a behavior in the natural world that is always true

Question 34

what is high heat capacity?

Answer 34

a substance requires more energy to heat up

Question 35

what is low heat capacity?

Answer 35

energy(heat) travels through a substance easily