CB2 Mitosis and the nervous system

Question 1

What are the 3 parts of the cell cycle?

Answer 1

Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis

Question 2

What 3 events occur in interphase?

Answer 2

Cell grows, organelles replicate, DNA replicates

Question 3

What happens during mitosis?

Answer 3

Division of the nucleus to produce 2 genetically identical nuclei.

Question 4

What happens during cytokinesis?

Answer 4

Cell membrane pinches off to produce 2 identical cells.

Question 5

What are the 4 descriptions of the cells produced by mitosis?

Answer 5

2, genetically identical, diploid, daughter cells

Question 6

What is asexual reproduction?

Answer 6

Reproduction involving 1 parent producing identical offspring.

Question 7

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 7

Reproduction involving 2 parents producing different offspring.

Question 8

How many chromosomes are found in a diploid human cell?

Answer 8

46

Question 9

How many chromosomes are found in a haploid human cell?

Answer 9

23

Question 10

What causes a cell to become cancerous?

Answer 10

Mutation in DNA.

Question 11

How do cancerous cells divide?

Answer 11

Uncontrollably.

Question 12

What are the 4 phases of mitosis (in order)?

Answer 12

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (Pass Me A Tequila or PMAT)

Question 13

What 2 processes happen in prophase?

Answer 13

Chromosomes condense, the membrane around the nuclues breaks down so the chromosomes lie free in the cytoplasm

Question 14

What happens in metaphase?

Answer 14

The chromosomes line up at the center of the cell

Question 15

What 2 processes happen in anaphase?

Answer 15

The spindle fibres pull the chromosomes apart, the chromatids are pulled to opposite ends of the cell

Question 16

What happens in telophase?

Answer 16

Membranes form around the sets of chromosomes forming new nuclei

Question 17

What are the 2 parts of the human nervous system?

Answer 17

Central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 18

What are the 2 parts of the central nervous system?

Answer 18

Brain, spinal cord

Question 19

What are the 3 types of neurone?

Answer 19

Sensory, relay, motor

Question 20

What travels through a neurone/axon?

Answer 20

Electrical impulse.

Question 21

What is the purpose of the sensory neurone?

Answer 21

To transmit an electrical impulse from the receptor to the central nervous system

Question 22

How does a signal pass from one neurone to another?

Answer 22

1. synapse is a gap between neurones. 2. the elecctrical impulse stimulates the release of a neurotransmitter 3. the neurotransmitter diffuses across the gap 4. which stimulates an electrical impulse in the next neurone.

Question 23

What is the function of a receptor?

Answer 23

Detect a stimulus

Question 24

What are the 5 main types of stimulus?

Answer 24

Light, vibration, pressure, chemical, temperature

Question 25

What is the order of neurones in a reflex arc?

Answer 25

Sensory, relay, motor

Question 26

What type of neurone is attached to a receptor?

Answer 26

Sensory

Question 27

What type of neurone is found in the central nervous system?

Answer 27

Relay

Question 28

What type of neurone is attached to an effector?

Answer 28

Motor

Question 29

What are the 2 types of effector?

Answer 29

Muscle, gland

Question 30

What is the action of an effector called?

Answer 30

Response

Question 31

What is the purpose of a reflex arc?

Answer 31

React very quickly to prevent harm

Question 32

What is the gap between 2 neurones called?

Answer 32

Synapse

Question 33

By what process do neurotransmitters travel across the synapse?

Answer 33

Diffusion

Question 34

What process do animals use to grow?

Answer 34

Cell division

Question 35

What 2 processes do plants use to grow?

Answer 35

Cell division, cell elongation

Question 36

What are the 2 most common measurements for growth in babies?

Answer 36

Mass, length

Question 37

What does it mean if a baby is in the Nth percentile for mass?

Answer 37

The baby has a larger mass than N% of the population at that age.

Question 38

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 38

Production of specialised cells from stem cells.

Question 39

What is a stem cell?

Answer 39

An undifferentiated cell that can divide to produce specialised cells.

Question 40

What are the 2 types of stem cells in humans?

Answer 40

Embryonic, adult

Question 41

How are embryonic stem cells different to adult stem cells?

Answer 41

Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into any specialised cell, adult stem cells can only differentiate into a few specialised cells.

Question 42

Where are adult stem cells found in humans?

Answer 42

Bone marrow

Question 43

Where are stem cells found in plants?

Answer 43

Meristem

Question 44

What are the 3 main uses of stem cells in medicine?

Answer 44

Replacing damaged or faulty cells, growing tissue / organs for transplants, growing cells / tissue for research

Question 45

What is the meristem?

Answer 45

The meristem is formed of stem cells in plants. It is found in the roots and shoots where the plant is growing.